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Weaponized Lies: How to Think Critically in the Post-Truth Era Paperback – March 7, 2017
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We’re surrounded by fringe theories, fake news, and pseudo-facts. These lies are getting repeated. New York Times bestselling author Daniel Levitin shows how to disarm these socially devastating inventions and get the American mind back on track. Here are the fundamental lessons in critical thinking that we need to know and share now.
Investigating numerical misinformation, Daniel Levitin shows how mishandled statistics and graphs can give a grossly distorted perspective and lead us to terrible decisions. Wordy arguments on the other hand can easily be persuasive as they drift away from the facts in an appealing yet misguided way. The steps we can take to better evaluate news, advertisements, and reports are clearly detailed. Ultimately, Levitin turns to what underlies our ability to determine if something is true or false: the scientific method. He grapples with the limits of what we can and cannot know. Case studies are offered to demonstrate the applications of logical thinking to quite varied settings, spanning courtroom testimony, medical decision making, magic, modern physics, and conspiracy theories.
This urgently needed book enables us to avoid the extremes of passive gullibility and cynical rejection. As Levitin attests: Truth matters. A post-truth era is an era of willful irrationality, reversing all the great advances humankind has made. Euphemisms like “fringe theories,” “extreme views,” “alt truth,” and even “fake news” can literally be dangerous. Let's call lies what they are and catch those making them in the act.
- Print length320 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherDutton
- Publication dateMarch 7, 2017
- Dimensions5.26 x 0.69 x 7.93 inches
- ISBN-109781101983829
- ISBN-13978-1101983829
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Winner, Mavis Gallant Prize for Non-Fiction, QWF
Finalist, The Donner Prize
Winner, Axiom Business Book Silver Award
"Levitin has written an important book for our times. Everyone should read it — democracy depends on it.”—Vicente Fox, 55th President of Mexico
"Levitin is brilliant. Everyone should read Weaponized Lies."—Chris Matthews
"Eloquent."—The Los Angeles Review of Books
“Mr. Levitin is the perfect guide...If everyone could adopt the level of healthy statistical skepticism that Mr. Levitin would like, political debate would be in much better shape.”—The Economist
"The timing could not be better … for Daniel J. Levitin’s new book… a survival manual for the post-factual era…in the struggle against error and ignorance, lies and mistakes, he is both engaging and rewarding."—Literary Review of Canada
"Who knew that a book about statistics could be so riveting!"—Dallas Public Library
"Confirmation bias is a growing problem in the digital information age. As Daniel Levitin writes, our brain is a giant pattern detector. If we read something that coincides with what we already believe we're more likely to give it credence, while the opposite is not true…The good thing about science is that it's true whether or not you believe in it."—John Cleese
"Misinformation is a part of everyday life in our data-intense, internet-enhanced world. Levitin provides an entertaining and engaging guide to how we can use critical thinking to avoid being fooled. Weaponized Lies is a valuable survival guide to consuming information in the digital age."—Lori Holt, Professor, Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University
"Our brain is wired to make snap judgments. And those judgments can be very, very wrong. Weaponized Lies…teaches how to separate fact from fringe theories and 'fake news.'"—NPR's Marketplace
"In a post-truth world, Levitin's book is an invaluable primer on how to sort the fact from the fiction."—Sunday Times of London
"A practical guide to better managing today’s constant flow of data and to improving critical thinking…A recommended book for creative leaders.”— Forbes
"As a lucid guide to critical thinking about statistics, information and assertion it is profoundly welcome"— Observer
"On the internet, nobody knows you're not an expert. Luckily, McGill University Cognitive Psychologist and Weaponized Lies author Daniel J. Levitin has a few tricks to pick out the professors from the phonies."—Business Insider
"A plea for sanity in a world seemingly gone mad…Levitin is an eloquent and enthusiastic exponent."—LA Review of Books
"A lucid guide to critical thinking about statistics, information and assertion, it’s profoundly welcome." —The Guardian
"A timely primer on how statistics, polls and information presented as facts can be used by “lying weasels” to obscure the truth. [A]ddresses the careless or lazy critical thinking skills many have developed in the era of internet information overload."—Forward
"A necessary book and one most appropriate to the times we find ourselves in…[an] excursion through how to think about data, how to think about statistics, and how to do so in a systematic way."—The Times Higher Education Supplement
"A cool-headed and witty guide to thinking clearly and rationally, and a deconstruction of sloppy information."—The Irish Times
"Levitin is brilliant regarding all of the ways that information can be manipulated."— Medium
"Regardless of one’s political persuasion (apolitical, third party, democratic, or republican) all individuals of this nation would benefit from making the effort to read and understand the concepts presented in this book… eminently easy to read and as a consequence, easy to understand." —Portland Books Review
“Daniel Levitin’s field guide is a critical thinking primer for our shrill, data-drenched age. It’s an essential tool for really understanding the texts, posts, tweets, magazines, newspapers, podcasts, op-eds, interviews, and speeches that bombard us every day. From the way averages befuddle to the logical fallacies that sneak by us, every page is enlightening.”—Charles Duhigg, author of The Power of Habit and Smarter, Faster, Better
“The world is awash with data, but not always with accurate information. Weaponized Lies does a terrific job of illustrating the difference between the two with precision—and delightful good humor.”—Charles Wheelan, Senior Lecturer and Policy Fellow, Rockefeller Center, Dartmouth College, author of Naked Economics
“Weaponized Lies by the neuroscientist Daniel Levitin lays out the many ways in which each of us can be fooled and misled by numbers and logic, as well as the modes of critical thinking we will need to overcome this.”—The Wall Street Journal
“Valuable tools for anyone willing to evaluate claims and get to the truth of the matter.”—Kirkus Reviews
“This useful, entertaining, and highly readable guide is ready to arm everyday citizens with the tools to combat the spread of spurious, and often ridiculous, information.”—Library Journal
“[A] book you may want to have close by at all times.”—Success Magazine
“Weaponized Lies serves as a kind of Strunk & White for sloppy thinkers.”—New York Journal of Books
“Entertaining and filled with helpful hints, Weaponized Lies is a valuable tool for navigating the daily data onslaught.”—San Jose Mercury News
“[S]mart and humorous…the tools anyone needs to tell good information from bad are in this definitive guide to critical thinking.”—Shelf Awareness
“Exceptional ... practical and essential advice.”—Big Think
“An entertaining, user-friendly primer on evaluating data wisely.”—The Washington Independent Review of Books
“This is a wonderful book. It covers so many of the insights of science, logic, and statistics that the public needs to know, yet are sadly neglected in the education that most of us receive.”—Edward K. Cheng, Tarkington Chair of Teaching Excellence and professor of law at Vanderbilt Law School
“Hits on the most important issues around statistical literacy, and uses good examples to illustrate its points. I could not put this book down. Reading it has been a pleasure, believe me. I am so impressed with Levitin's writing style, which is clear and simple, unlike much of the murky stuff that is written by statisticians and many others.”—Morris Olitsky, former Vice President, Market Research and Analysis, Prudential Financial, Statistician, U.S.D.A.
“Insightful and entertaining—an excellent work.”—Gregg Gascon, Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University
“Just as Strunk and White taught us how to communicate better, Weaponized Lies is an indispensable guide to thinking better. As Big Data becomes a dominant theme in our culture, we are all obliged to sharpen our critical thinking so as to thwart the forces of obfuscation. Levitin has done a great service here.”—Jasper Rine, Professor of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, UC Berkeley
“Not since Huff's classic How to Lie with Statistics has a book so clearly described how numbers can be used to deceive and misdirect. Levitin shows how to critically evaluate claims that charlatans, the media, and politicians would have us believe.”—Stan Lazic, Team Leader in Quantitative Biology at AstraZeneca
“A must read! Professor Levitin convinces the reader why critical thinking has become even more crucial in the Information Age. As we are consistently bombarded with information, let’s question its veracity and acquire the tools to analyze it.”—Isabelle Bajeux-Besnainou, Dean and Professor of Finance, Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University
“Well researched, and provides a valuable guide to assist the public with a methodology for evaluating the truth behind this cacophony of information that constantly inundates.”—Patrick Martin, Magician
“No book could be more timely. An important book for everyone to read. Essential to where western democracies are going.”—Janice Stein, Founding Director, Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto
“[A] valuable primer on critical thinking that convincingly illustrates the prevalence of misinformation in everyday life.”—Publisher's Weekly
“Levitin belongs to a best-selling group of experts—Daniel Kahneman, Gerd Gigerenzer, David Spiegelhalter, and a few more—who want to put us right on the pitfalls of dubious statistics and the various forms of bias that skew our decisions...There can hardly be a more important message at this moment in history, and until everyone gets it, all are welcome to keep pumping it out and Levitin is perhaps primus inter pares...His message is bracing...[and] all we have to guard against a new Dark Age.”—The Arts Desk
About the Author
Product details
- ASIN : 1101983825
- Publisher : Dutton; Reprint edition (March 7, 2017)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 320 pages
- ISBN-10 : 9781101983829
- ISBN-13 : 978-1101983829
- Item Weight : 8.3 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.26 x 0.69 x 7.93 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #451,631 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #194 in Business Statistics
- #457 in Statistics (Books)
- #555 in Popular Applied Psychology
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Daniel J. Levitin is Founding Dean of Arts & Humanities at the Minerva Schools at Keck Graduate Institute (KGI) in California. He is also the James McGill Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Music at McGill University, Montreal. "This Is Your Brain on Music" , "The World in Six Songs", "The Organized Mind" and "A Field Guide to Lies" (republished in paperback as "Weaponized Lies") were all #1 best-sellers. His work has been translated into 22 languages. Before becoming a neuroscientist, he worked as a session musician, sound engineer, and record producer, contributing to records by Stevie Wonder, Steely Dan, Joni Mitchell, and Blue Oyster Cult. He has published extensively in scientific journals as well as music magazines such as Grammy and Billboard. Recent musical performances include playing guitar and saxophone with Sting, Bobby McFerrin, Rosanne Cash, David Byrne, Cris Williamson, Victor Wooten, and Rodney Crowell.
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Weaponized Lies is, in essence, an entertaining beginning textbook on logic, fact checking, critical thinking, and information assessment. It makes every effort to teach these things and explain their importance in a concise and entertaining way, and, in terms of the lay audience, it seems to succeed admirably. Readers already familiar with these subjects may find it a bit slow, and those well versed in one or more of these areas may even be frustrated when the book doesn’t go further or even stray into areas it’s not actually designed to address.
Daniel J. Levitin is a noted American/Canadian cognitive psychologist and neuroscientist. He’s also a musician, a record producer, and - of course - an author. He’s contributed to the Billboard Encyclopedia of Record Producers and edited Foundations of Cognitive Psychology: Core Readings, and written numerous academic articles and four bestsellers to date.
The first two bestsellers were on music and the mind, which is not surprising, as Levitin is a noted expert in the field of music perception and cognition, but these books have a very broad footprint, touching on social behaviour, the development and evolution of language, and more. His third bestseller essentially seeks to explain how the brain works, how we perceive and think, and to teach how to do so more clearly and efficiently. Weaponized Lies seems to be a natural progression of this line of thought, addressing a cluster of cognitive issues that may, together, constitute most people’s greatest obstacle to effective thinking.
In terms of scope, Weaponized Lies could be used as a secondary or possibly even primary textbook for a 100-level class on information analysis, critical thinking, and logic. While this isn’t a journal of groundbreaking research and theory, and there’s no invention of original academic thought in this book, it’s treatment of the various ways we infer or are led to erroneous “knowledge” are thorough, concise, and well illustrated.
The fact that such a large percentage of Americans could benefit substantially by reading and comprehending Weaponized Lies is more a reflection of why this book is needed than of it’s startling academic originality - it’s most original contribution may well be the efforts undertaken to make the subject matter interesting to the lay reader.
Though it occupies a “popular science” market niche, that Weaponized Lies was written by a serious academic is clearly evident in the supporting material supplied. The final forty pages of the book - fifteen percent of its volume - is an appendix on the application of Bayes’s rule, a glossary, notes on sources, acknowledgements, and an extensive index.
The notes section is particularly extensive as well, at nineteen pages, separated by chapter and including discussion and expanded sources the author found after the main writing of the book. The sources for each statistic used in an illustration or example are cited, and in most cases, Levetin uses relevant, and interesting sources, such as the Department of Education, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Centers for Disease Control, the Congressional Budget Office, and census-dot-gov. He uses real-world stories from major news sources such as the New York Times, the L. A. Times, US News, the Washington Post, the Christian Science Monitor, and so on. He also cites numerous academic texts and popular science books, including (but in no way limited to) his own.
While there’s little danger of bias in a factual text about the assessment of information, statistics, logic, and so on, Levitin actually addresses the biggest risk of bias in that area in a section titled “Belief Perseverance” which discusses confirmation bias, and the difficulty of objectively assessing and accepting new information that contradicts previously held beliefs. Simply being made aware of the ways we are subjected to falsehood, innocently and intentionally, doesn’t mean we can easily avoid and dismiss it. To do so, for most all people, requires vigilance and significant effort.
Many people today feel a heightened desire or an unusually elevated need to be able to find the actual truth. Weaponized Lies doesn’t teach people to find the truth - that’s a broader process and skill set - but an important part of finding the truth is detecting and identifying untruth. I would certainly suggest this book to those seeking to strengthen their ability to spot errors and falsehoods in information, intentional and unintentional, from government information to comments of politicians and political pundits, from advertisements to documentaries to news, from to social media to blog posts to online video and podcasts.
Readers may find themselves wishing for more discussion of why humans are so prone to accepting and even embracing false information - more on cognition and cognitive science and less on raw process, as the title might imply. The areas are touched on, but they’re easy to miss, because they’re incidental explanations appended to or enhancing a discussion of how to spot false information, or test it’s veracity. Rather than a full section on why and how the human mind is very prone to making a particular error of judgement, brief mention of that tendency is made to reinforce the need for vigilance.
Put simply, this book would make a beneficial addition to almost anyone’s reading list. For those with an academic or autodidactic background in logic, fallacy, and critical thinking - and one needs only read one or two “debates” on social media to see that a huge number of people count themselves in this category - areas that explain topics particularly familiar to you may seem tedious, but other parts will be new, and even in those familiar areas, it’s difficult to think of any time in human history that provided greater impetus to brush up on logic, fact checking, critical thinking, and information assessment than the present.
The book is divided into three sections: (I) Evaluating Numbers (II) Evaluating Words and (III) Evaluating the World. The first section is the most statistics heavy, but the author does a fine job of proving clear explanations to the lay person. The big take home lesson is that statistics are not neutral because of the fallible people processing them. “Bad statistics are everywhere” and what you will learn to always do is interrogate the data to discern, “Are the numbers telling me what I actually need to know?” and “How does statistical significance relate to real-life noteworthiness?” The chapter on probability alone is worth the book’s cover price and will likely forever change the way you go about making medical decisions and determining someone’s guilt in a court of law.
Part II will teach you to how to pierce through the rhetoric of swindlers who want to separate you from your money or mislead you to conclusions contrary to the evidence. There are often alternative explanations that are either overlooked or undervalued. This part also teaches you how to identity experts and that being an expert in one thing neither means that you are omniscient nor qualified to speak to matters outside of your field.
Part III ties everything together to give readers a framework on developing a critical worldview. This entails a basic understanding of how science is supposed to work and how to avoid pitfalls of logic that lead many astray.
In a world where critical thinking and basic logic are in short supply, Weaponized Lies is a book that provides much needed insight. Certainly, many will walk away from this book never again to blindly accept interpretations of “the truth” made by others. To be a real critical thinker, you have to apply critical thinking to everything: not just to things you disagree with.
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