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Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict (Columbia Studies in Terrorism and Irregular Warfare) Hardcover – August 9, 2011
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Combining statistical analysis with case studies of specific countries and territories, Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan detail the factors enabling such campaigns to succeed and, sometimes, causing them to fail. They find that nonviolent resistance presents fewer obstacles to moral and physical involvement and commitment, and that higher levels of participation contribute to enhanced resilience, greater opportunities for tactical innovation and civic disruption (and therefore less incentive for a regime to maintain its status quo), and shifts in loyalty among opponents' erstwhile supporters, including members of the military establishment.
Chenoweth and Stephan conclude that successful nonviolent resistance ushers in more durable and internally peaceful democracies, which are less likely to regress into civil war. Presenting a rich, evidentiary argument, they originally and systematically compare violent and nonviolent outcomes in different historical periods and geographical contexts, debunking the myth that violence occurs because of structural and environmental factors and that it is necessary to achieve certain political goals. Instead, the authors discover, violent insurgency is rarely justifiable on strategic grounds.
- Print length320 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherColumbia University Press
- Publication dateAugust 9, 2011
- Dimensions6.3 x 1 x 9 inches
- ISBN-100231156820
- ISBN-13978-0231156820
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Editorial Reviews
Review
Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan offer a fresh, lively, and penetrating analysis of the conditions under which nonviolent resistance succeeds or fails. Using a wealth of data and in-depth case studies, they show that the scholarly emphasis on forceful approaches is misguided: nonviolent movements are often better able to mobilize supporters, resist regime crackdowns, develop innovative resistant techniques, and otherwise take on and defeat repressive regimes and build durable democracies. -- Daniel Byman, Georgetown University and senior fellow, Saban Center at the Brookings Institution
After the breathtaking events of 2011, can anyone doubt that nonviolent civil resistance is an effective tool for political change? In this provocative, well-written, and compelling book, Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan demonstrate that nonviolent civil resistance is usually a better way to force political change. They identify the conditions favoring its success and provide a convincing explanation for why nonviolent resistance is so effective. Their analysis is rigorous yet accessible, and their conclusions have profound implications for anyone seeking to understand―or promote―far-reaching social and political reform. -- Stephen Walt, Harvard University
This is social science at its best. Years of critical study culminate in a book on one dominating issue: how does nonviolent opposition compare with violence in removing a regime or achieving secession? The authors study successes and failures and alternative diagnoses of success and failure, reaching a balanced judgment meriting careful study. -- Thomas C. Schelling, Harvard University, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics
All of us dedicated to peaceful protest as a way to change the world can take heart from this book. -- Amitabh Pal ― Progressive
The work belongs in all academic libraries.... Highly recommended. ― Choice
Well researched, skillfully written, insightful, and timely. -- Joseph G. Bock ― Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict
About the Author
Maria J. Stephan is a strategic planner with the U.S. Department of State. Formerly she served as director of policy and research at the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict (ICNC) and as an adjunct professor at Georgetown University and American University. She has also been a fellow at the Kennedy School of Government's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.
Product details
- Publisher : Columbia University Press; 49431st edition (August 9, 2011)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 320 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0231156820
- ISBN-13 : 978-0231156820
- Item Weight : 1.25 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.3 x 1 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #344,972 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #71 in Political Advocacy Books
- #211 in Human Rights (Books)
- #1,014 in History & Theory of Politics
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

Erica Chenoweth is the Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment at Harvard Kennedy School and a Susan S. and Kenneth L. Wallach Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.
Chenoweth’s research focuses on political violence and its alternatives. Foreign Policy magazine ranked them among the Top 100 Global Thinkers in 2013 for their efforts to promote the empirical study of civil resistance. Chenoweth's book, Civil Resistance: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford, 2021), explores in an accessible and conversational style what civil resistance is, how it works, why it sometimes fails, how violence and repression affect it, and the long-term impacts of such resistance.
Chenoweth’s other books include Civil Action and the Dynamics of Violence (Oxford, 2019), with Deborah Avant, Marie Berry, Rachel Epstein, Cullen Hendrix, Oliver Kaplan, and Timothy D. Sisk; The Oxford Handbook of Terrorism (Oxford, 2019) with Richard English, Andreas Gofas, and Stathis N. Kalyvas; The Politics of Terror (Oxford, 2018) with Pauline Moore; Rethinking Violence: States and Non-State Actors in Conflict (MIT, 2010) with Adria Lawrence; Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict (Columbia University Press, 2011) with Maria J. Stephan; and Political Violence (Sage, 2013). Chenoweth has also published their work in International Security, The Journal of Politics, American Sociological Review, Annual Review of Political Science, British Journal of Political Science, The Journal of Peace Research, The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Mobilization: An International Quarterly, and Political Research Quarterly, among others.
In 2014, they received the Karl Deutsch Award, which the International Studies Association gives annually to the scholar under the age of 40 who has made the greatest impact on the field of international politics or peace research. And together with Maria J. Stephan, they won the 2013 Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order, which is presented annually in recognition of outstanding proposals for creating a more just and peaceful world order. Their book, Why Civil Resistance Works, also won the 2012 Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award, given annually by the American Political Science Association in recognition of the best book on government, politics, or international affairs published in the U.S. in the previous calendar year.
Along with Jeremy Pressman of the University of Connecticut, Chenoweth is founding co-director of the Crowd Counting Consortium, a collaborative public interest project that collects data on the size of political crowds protesting within the United States since the first Women’s March of 2017.
Before coming to Harvard, Chenoweth taught at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at DU, as well as at Wesleyan University, where they received the 2010 Carol A. Baker Memorial Prize for excellence in junior faculty research and teaching. They have also held prior visiting appointments at Harvard, Stanford University, UC-Berkeley, and the University of Maryland. They have also held research associations or fellowships at the Peace Research Institute of Oslo (PRIO), the Academic Council at the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict, the One Earth Future Foundation, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. At Harvard, they are a Faculty Affiliate of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy and a Faculty Associate at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs.
Chenoweth has presented their research all over the world at various academic conferences, government workshops, and international governmental organizations including at the 2013 World Summit of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates held in Warsaw. Their research and commentary has been featured in They New Yorker, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, The Economist, The Boston Globe, The Christian Science Monitor, TEDxBoulder, The New Republic, The Guardian, The Atlantic, and elsewhere.
Along with Barbara F. Walter of UCSD and Joseph K. Young of American University, Chenoweth hosts the award-winning blog Political Violence @ a Glance. In addition, Chenoweth hosts a blog called Rational Insurgent and has been an occasional blogger at The Monkey Cage and Duck of Minerva.
Chenoweth received an M.A. and a Ph.D. in political science from the University of Colorado and a B.A. in political science and German from the University of Dayton. They reside in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Customers find the book's scholarly content insightful and important. They say it thoroughly breaks down civil resistance and consider it one of the best books on the subject. However, opinions differ on the readability - some find it easy to understand and enjoyable, while others find it unreadable due to small font size.
AI-generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers appreciate the book's scholarly content. They find it insightful and important, offering inspiring evidence about civil resistance. The case studies and statistical analysis are useful for situating theories in real-world contexts. Overall, the book is described as a great addition to classroom discussions on the topic.
"...The results are even more encouraging than I had expected...." Read more
"...the authors use so many real world examples that it helps to situate their theories into real world scenarios." Read more
"...It goes in some detail. It also has a very interesting statistical study on civil resistance movements...." Read more
"...This is immensely important, and all politically disgruntled would be revolutionaries should read it." Read more
Customers find the book helpful for understanding civil resistance. They say it explains the steps and is one of the best books on the subject written by experts. The book is described as a heavy treatise about non-violence.
"...It gives an overview of civil resistance and the reasons for its success. It goes in some detail...." Read more
"An absolutely amazing book that really breaks down civil resistance and the steps that go into it...." Read more
"...historical and nice/entertaining reading, this book is a heavy treatise about non violence." Read more
"Civil Resistance Works better than we thought, and here is why!..." Read more
Customers have different views on the book's readableness. Some find it easy to understand and enjoyable, while others find the small font size unreadable. The typeface and small font size are mentioned as issues.
"so easy to understand while also learning a ton!..." Read more
"...And now what is wrong ... at best intellectually mediocre, the books claim to notoriety-- a sexy title-- is also where its allure ends, and quite..." Read more
"...If you read Malcom X's book, serious, historical and nice/entertaining reading, this book is a heavy treatise about non violence." Read more
"...But when it arrived, I discovered that the peculiar typeface and small font size made it literally unreadable for me...." Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on April 30, 2018My Catholic school asked me to create a course on nonviolence during Vietnam, which has been evolving and growing ever since.
Chenowith and Stephans book is probably the first, most rigorous, and side-by-side, statistical analysis of the results of all revolutions, violent as well as nonviolent, in the 20th century. The results are even more encouraging than I had expected. They also devote considerable analysis to teasing out the various factors that have contributed to the successful revolutions, and the relative contribution of each.
I am familiar with most of their statistical techniques, except for their regression analyses. But their extensive textual explanations explain the significance of all their statistics. I will be studying this storehouse of insights for a long time.
- Reviewed in the United States on July 23, 2018so easy to understand while also learning a ton! the authors use so many real world examples that it helps to situate their theories into real world scenarios.
- Reviewed in the United States on October 16, 2013This book has a very good review for the related research in the subject. It gives an overview of civil resistance and the reasons for its success. It goes in some detail. It also has a very interesting statistical study on civil resistance movements.
The only thing that I didn't like is that there is over simplification of the statistical data. Civil resistance against repressive regimes cannot be compared to civil resistance against democratic regimes. The data could have been dug into deeper than that.
- Reviewed in the United States on August 19, 2013This is a meticulous study that shows nonviolence to be more effective than violent revolutions. Even the authors were surprised, but then they were able to explain why. This is immensely important, and all politically disgruntled would be revolutionaries should read it.
- Reviewed in the United States on June 1, 2017An absolutely amazing book that really breaks down civil resistance and the steps that go into it. This was one of the main books that I used for the writing of my senior thesis in college and I still find myself picking it up to refresh myself in this area. If you are at all interested in strategic nonviolence, you won't regret reading this book!
- Reviewed in the United States on February 4, 2016makes strong points, but bends towards the academic and wanders towards the repetitive
- Reviewed in the United States on March 12, 2016I was impressed at how may ways the authors looked at civil resistance campaigns to see if civil resistance indeed works better than violent resistance. Not matter which dimension they used to evaluate a campaign's efficacy, Chenowith and Stephan always came up with the same conclusion: disciplined nonviolence works!
I also enjoyed learning about all the elements needed for a nonviolent campaign to be truly successful, short-term and in the long run.
Randy Converse
- Reviewed in the United States on March 31, 2014I love the ethics that this book points to. It is a little heavy on statistics. It reads like a PhD project. But the case studies were good examples. I would like to see this material taught in schools.
Top reviews from other countries
Hector Javier Willys DuarteReviewed in Mexico on December 29, 20234.0 out of 5 stars Overall am interesting read
I don't like that the authors imply that using violent tactics or non-violent ones is a choice but overall the book is very interesting.
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Jean-Paul AzamReviewed in France on September 26, 20225.0 out of 5 stars La non-violence gagne
Erica Chenoweth et Maria Stephan tordent le cou à un vieux préjugé qui associe la révolution et la violence. Elles ont créé une base de données qui leur permet de montrer par des analyses économétriques que les révolutions non violentes ont plus de chance de réussir que celles qui reposent sur la violence. Elles illustrent aussi ces résultats par des études de cas, en montrant aussi comment elles peuvent aussi échouer. Un livre à lire absolument avec une pensée pour la répression sanglante du soulèvement féministe qui a lieu en Iran actuellement.
Joan Carles Hinojosa GalisteoReviewed in Spain on June 8, 20184.0 out of 5 stars Prou bo
En general, s'explica tot d'una manera clara i entenedora, ben referenciat i farcit d'exemples. Ha sigut una compra interessant sens dubte.
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AnnikaReviewed in Germany on December 15, 20175.0 out of 5 stars gute Einstiegslektüre in die Thematik
gutes Buch, welche Studien über gewaltlose Widerstände übersichtlich und gut begreifbar untersucht und darstellt. Sehr lesenswert - allerdings natürlich nur Überblickswissen
Poul BrandrupReviewed in the United Kingdom on November 30, 20115.0 out of 5 stars A Good Read That Challenges Common Assumptions
Based on comprehensive reviews of civil society resistance events over more than a hundred years the authors successfully argue that non-violent resistance is at least as successful as violent resistance. The main factors are analyzed and the book allows the reader to develop further understanding of the mechanisms of resistance. "Why Civil Resistance Works" is strongly recommended to all that relate to fundamental changes in societies around the world.






