Without Consent or Contract (Norton Paperback) null

by Robert William Fogel (Author)

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ISBN-13: 978-0393312195

ISBN-10: 0393312194

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"[Fogel's] exceedingly careful testing of all possible sources and his pioneering methodological approach have allowed [him] both to increase our knowledge of an institutions operation and disintegration and to renew our methods of research." ―from the citation to Robert William Fogel for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

Over the past quarter-century, Robert William Fogel has blazed new trails in scholarship on the lives of the slaves in the American South. Now he presents the dramatic rise and fall of the "peculiar institution," as the abolitionist movement rose into a powerful political force that pulled down a seemingly impregnable system.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

“Few historians have more skillfully integrated economic with social, intellectual, and political history. . . . Pleasurable as well as instructive reading for anyone interested in the most fateful of our national crimes and the most fearful of our national crises. . . . [A] splendid book.”
- Eugene D. Genovese, Los Angeles Times Book Review

From the Back Cover

'Robert William Fogel's exceedingly careful testing of all possible sources and his pioneering methodological approach have allowed him both to increase our knowledge of an institution's operation and disintegration and to renew our methods of research.' --from the citation to Robert William Fogel for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

Product details

Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company (August 17, 1994)
Language : English
Paperback : 540 pages
ISBN-10 : 0393312194
ISBN-13 : 978-0393312195
Lexile measure : 1660L
Item Weight : 1.65 pounds
Dimensions : 6.25 x 1.35 x 9.25 inches

Best Sellers Rank: #488,217 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #287 in U.S. Abolition of Slavery History
- #1,578 in United States History (Books)
- #2,752 in Cultural Anthropology (Books)

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Reviewed in the United States on January 28, 2020

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A good read, balanced, readable and highly informative from a something of a liberal writer who is old school-just the facts ma'm just the facts. Combined reading this along with Time on the Cross vol. I and you will be able to discuss American slavery on a much higher plain. If you do not read this you have nothing to contribute to discussing the subject. Ignorance is bliss. I try not to be uninformed and have strayed from bliss.

A must for any researcher or historian.

One person found this helpful

Reviewed in the United States on May 24, 2012

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Very interesting book with in-depth insight on both the origin and economics of slavery, and the underlying causes that ultimately led to the Civil War. A must-read for anyone interested in the subject.

6 people found this helpful

Reviewed in the United States on September 27, 2015

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GOOD

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Fogel's assumptions and application of cliometrics to arrive at his ...

Reviewed in the United States on July 20, 2017

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Fogel's assumptions and application of cliometrics to arrive at his conclusions were thoroughly discredited by Robert Sutch's detailed critique of Fogel's book "Time on the Cross". This book of Fogel's would be no different. It's clearly the old story of "Figures don't lie; liars figure".

One person found this helpful

The Accountant's Guide to Slavery

Reviewed in the United States on January 15, 2015

I don’t know why a “rise and fall” book is always of such dramatic and morbid interest, such as with the Roman Empire or the Third Reich, except for here with the subject of American slavery. This is one of the less dramatic books I have read lately. The author Robert William Fogel made all attempts to successfully avoid the rise and fall of narrative plot and instead is a very meticulous documentarian and statistician. Looking back, I can now see this book had three parts: the numbers, which I have never read; the abolitionists, which I have lately and often read; and the theory, which proposes that slavery was still profitable and not on its way out by natural means. If Fogel prefaced this book with that outline, he was too verbose to have been clear. Now I see that he has thought more about the topic of slavery than entire cities of people.
On page 30 is a bundle of stats and a graph to proof slavery was not diminishing throughout the 19th Century. 11 percent of all slaves lived on cotton plantations in 1800. 64 percent lived there by 1850. Tobacco, sugar, and rice dwindled by importance. There is also a map in this first section which shows virtually no slaves, in 1800, in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. I have heard it said many times, but the cotton gin revolutionized slavery still more than we realize.
As comprehensive as Fogel is, a significant part of this book is out of bounds of the South. On page 83, he has begun his theme of the power, success, and efficiency of Southern Slavery. “When the yeoman class of the South is defined to include both non-slaveholding farmers and farmers with seven or fewer slaves, their average wealth is nearly identical with that of northern farmers …” And for larger plantations that utilized “gang-system farms,” they were 15 times more profitable, meaning dominant over small northern and southern yeoman farmers. The sky was the limit for gang-system plantations, which Fogel had defined as a system of simultaneous moving parts. Much later in the book, Fogel is unapologetic to say that Northern farmers, and laborers, could not compete with slave system’s efficiency, including the complicity of slaves themselves. But that is where the middle part of the book, the second part of three, comes into play, the human element.
So Fogel’s analysis is too complex to narrate or denounce slavery. The “fall” in the title invokes the abolitionist voices of William Lloyd Garrison and Horace Greeley, and again only in Garrison’s case is the fight against slavery only on behalf of the slave. More than in previous works that I have read, Greeley is a dynamic confusion of allegiance, and although he would bully Lincoln in the Tribune he was himself aware of the bigger picture. It’s not that interesting of a story and I cannot retrace it all, but the oppression of northern wages combined with immigrant attractions away from slavery combined with railroad expansion, and all of these economic issues, is what pushed Greeley to his strong abolitionist stance. I can’t find the quote in which he clearly states that Northern labor suffered the most from Southern slavery, but he says it. Instead I find that I marked Hinton Helper, of the Yadkin Valley in North Carolina, who theorized that Southern acres were more valuable than Northern, except that slavery had reduced Southern acres to 1/5 of their actual value.

8 people found this helpful

Excellent history with puzzling economics

Reviewed in the United States on December 11, 2011

This book expands on the conclusions of "Time on the Cross'. For all it's immorality, slavery was an economically viable institution, generally more profitable than free labor. More like a project than a book read, I'm not sure whether the object is economic or historical. Except for potential upward mobility slaves generally lived with better condition than free laborers in the North. At least one economic issue is understated. Without elaboration, Fogel says that the invention of the cotton gin benefited S. Carolina most of all.

I have to wonder why so much history and sociology is included in a book where the unique contribution is in the realm of economics (cliometrics). Probably Fogel doesn't want to be interpreted as condoning slavery as a result of economic viability. It's sometimes hard to separate out economic considerations from social issues.

I didn't get a good take on the cliometric method methodology behind the results. Maybe that takes digging into the background material in the three companion volumes. Fogel refers to cliometrics a number of times without explaining methods or objectives. The book gives no reason to think that econometric modeling can be any more successful in analyzing causes of past sociology and history than it has been in predicting modern economic and market trends.

Fogel doesn't agree with the speculation that slavery would have soon died out if restricted from expansion. In the afterword he speculates that slavery would not soon have died out if the cotton states had been allowed to secede peacefully. The book examines historical background, constitutionality, and social issues of culture and morality. It's better than any other book in comparisons of free and slave labor as well as the competition between the two economic systems.

I have difficulty relating the author's quantitative results to his thesis. The book presents quantitative data in the form of a number of charts, mostly early in the book, which are then dropped in favor of historical text. It's an excellent history, especially the analysis of antebellum slavery as to its economic viability, constitutionality and the political relations between N and S. An extensive history including moral stance and politics of the abolition movement is included. There's no wasted text in the 400 pages plus extensive bibliography.

In his historical background Fogel points out how statistics concerning economic viability of slavery was rejected by Garrison, Emerson, Lewis Tappan and other abolitionists. Apparently productivity declined throughout the British empire after Wiberforce's successful campaign for emancipation. Many other historians are cited. In his text Fogel references works of Phillips and Kenneth Stampp and others including Eric Foner in bibliography. Among the most interesting analysis is the countering economic viewpoint of on the spot economist Halpern Helper although Helper doesn't make it into the index or bibliography. Fogel also does a good job of summarizing the viewpoints of Cassius Clay and others. Thanks to Fogel for introducing me to William Jay, son of John Jay, who applied constitutional analysis to the legality of slavery and to the annexation of Texas. The conclusion states a case for restatement of the indictment of slavery with no help in interpreting the economic aspects of the text.

In the afterword Fogel cites need for a new indictment of slavery based on four points:
1.domination of one group over another
2.denial of economic opportunity
3.denial of citizenship
4.denial of cultural self identity
He plays down the cruelty aspect by showing that planter's economic interests were best served by keeping slaves in good condition. This is an interesting contrast to Walter Johnson's 'Soul by Soul', where the total emphasis is on the cruelty inherent in the internal slave trade.

The book can be divided into an excellent history and a puzzling economics text.

19 people found this helpful

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