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Witness for the Defense: The Accused, the Eyewitness, and the Expert Who Puts Memory on Trial Kindle Edition
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"The study of memory had become my specialty, my passion. In the next few years I wrote dozens of papers about how memory works and how it fails, but unlike most researchers studying memory, my work kept reaching out into the real world. To what extent, I wondered, could a person's memory be shaped by suggestion? When people witness a serious automobile accident, how accurate is their recollection of the facts? If a witness is questioned by a police officer, will the manner of questioning alter the representation of the memory? Can memories be supplemented with additional, false information?"
The "passion" Loftus describes in the lines above led her to a teaching career at the University of Washington and, perhaps more importantly, into hundreds of courtrooms as an expert witness on the fallibility of eyewitness accounts. As she has explained in numerous trials, and as she convincingly argues in this absorbing book, eyewitness accounts can be and often are so distorted that they no longer resemble the truth.
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherSt. Martin's Press
- Publication dateJune 2, 2015
- File size950 KB
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Editorial Reviews
About the Author
Dr. Elizabeth Loftus, a professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is also the author of Witness for the Defense and Eyewitness Testimony.
Katherine Ketcham is also the co-author of Under the Influence, The Spirituality of Imperfection, Beyond the Influence, The Power of Empathy, and other books. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Review
“Witness for the Defense is an important book.” ―The New York Times
“An intriguing and disturbing work in which forensic psychologist Loftus, a specialist on memory, examines the fallibility of eyewitness testimony in criminal cases . . . A fascinating examination of human memory, with troubling implications for the American criminal-justice system.” ―Kirkus Reviews
“Highly recommended for the general public and scholars interested in whether justice is served in the criminal justice system.” ―Library Journal
From the Back Cover
Product details
- ASIN : B00XHMGAJ8
- Publisher : St. Martin's Press; Reprint edition (June 2, 2015)
- Publication date : June 2, 2015
- Language : English
- File size : 950 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Not Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Sticky notes : On Kindle Scribe
- Print length : 309 pages
- Page numbers source ISBN : 0312055374
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,147,723 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- #24 in Legal Witnesses
- #81 in Criminal Law Evidence
- #162 in Law Witnesses
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

I've been writing non-fiction books for 40 years. My first book, "Under the Influence" (co-authored by Jim Milam, Ph.D.) was published in 1981 and my most recent book, "The Only Life I Could Save" about my journey with my son through his addiction and recovery is available on amazon for pre-order (official publication date is April 1, 2018). My books have been published in seventeen foreign languages and have sold nearly 2 million copies.
In 1998 I began volunteering at the Juvenile Justice Center in Walla Walla, leading educational groups and working individually with adolescents in trouble with alcohol and other drugs and their family members. From October 2001 to October 2003, I wrote a bi-monthly newspaper column for the Walla Walla Union Bulletin titled "Straight Talk About Drugs;" in October 2012 I started up this column once again.
In 2003, working with a group of committed parents, I started a parent support group at the Juvenile Justice Center in Walla Walla, which continues to this day. I am also deeply involved in community efforts to develop and expand community-based recovery support services for youth and families. Our grassroots, nonprofit organization, Trilogy Recovery Community, is part of the national recovery movement spearheaded by Faces and Voices of Recovery in Washington, D.C. I retired as Executive Director of Trilogy and now have the privilege of serving on the Board of Directors.
I grew up in New Jersey and graduated from the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York with a degree in psychology in 1971. I have lived and worked in Boston, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, San Francisco, Seattle, and Ohio. In 1984, I moved to Walla Walla, Washington with my husband, Patrick Spencer, a professor of geology at Whitman College. We have three children -- Robyn, 36, is a speech pathologist working in the Vancouver, Washington school district; Alison, 34, is a special education teacher in the Seattle School District; and Benjamin, 31, is a writer working for Fresh, a Seattle-based technology firm.
My extended family -- brothers, sisters, cousins, second cousins, and on it goes -- is a great source of joy, along with my many wonderful friends. I love roses and having my hands in the dirt; golf (I get worse every year, a lesson in humility for sure); walks; yoga; reading; and photography. Someday I hope to devote more time to taking portraits of children and families.

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Top reviews from the United States
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..."our memory can be changed, inextricably altered, in that what we think we know,
what we believe in our hearts, is not necessarily the truth."
"It isn't so astonishing, the number of things that I can remember,
as the number of things I can remember that aren't so." Mark Twain
"When we remember we pull pieces of the past out of some mysterious region of the brain --jagged, jigsaw pieces that we sort and sift, arrange and rearrange until they fit into a pattern that makes sense. The finished project, the memory that seems so clear and focused in our minds, is actually part fact, part fiction, a warped and twisted reconstruction of reality."
Memory starts with the acquisition stage..., the retention stage..., and the retrieval stage...
"Contrary to popular belief, facts don't come into our memory and reside there untouched and unscathed by future events. Instead we pick up fragments and features from our environment and these go into memory where they interact with our prior knowledge and expectations --information that is already stored in our memory. ...think of memory as being an integrative process --a constructive and creative process --rather than a passive recording process such as a video tape."
"It wasn't that he didn't have doubts --no one can know anything for certain."
'Created Memories' "Simply by asking (leading) questions... In this situation, we can see the power of suggestion to induce a memory of something that never actually occurred."
"When you ask leading questions that suggest what the answer is to be, children (and adults) will pick up that information and incorporate it into their memories, and then they will then come to believe that they actually experienced these details when, in fact, they've only been suggested to them."
Once some one's memory has been contaminated, distorted or transformed... it's virtually impossible to tell fact from fantasy because the individual witness now believes in what he or she is saying."
"Is the...memory an original truth, or an after-the-fact truth?"
"...stress is detrimental to mental functioning, the ability to receive and remember details is impaired. ... The more an event is rehearsed, the more confident a person becomes that what she remembers is the the absolute and unequivocal truth."
"And yet the victim couldn't accept the fact that she had made a mistaken ID. She could not bring herself to admit that someone other than Von Williams might have committed this crime." ..."people can become so attached to their memories that even when obvious contradictions and discrepancies are raised, they refuse to change their minds."
"As a witness you will resent any doubt about your memory as an assault on your basic integrity, a presumptuous intrusion on your personality." Judge Jerome Franks in his book: Not Guilty
"...memory is fallible."
Elizabeth Loftus, an internationally known expert on memory, applies research and her experience to the topic of eye witness testimony in the legal setting. The book attempts to be both entertaining in its often informal presentation of case histories, and modestly academic in presenting psychological theory and research. The case histories for the most part describe trials in which eyewitness testimony resulted in the conviction of an innocent person. Loftus shows how inaccurate recollections combined with inappropriate police photo and lineup presentations can cause a witness to create false recollections. As a side note the book also shows how fallible juries can be. All in all this book provides further proof that eyewitness testimony is not superior to circumstantial evidence.
My only criticism of this book should probably be directed toward the co-author. This book is oriented toward the general public, and the case descriptions are often fluffed to create the "true crime" approach used by writers in that genre. What I found particularly amusing was that, in a book devoted to the topic of fallible memory, Ms Loftus recalls minute trivia that most of us would normally forget within a day. She relates, for example, that in one case she had just finished eating a breakfast of coffee and wheat toast. The coffee had just been put in front of her when the lawyer for the defendant walked into the restaurant. Beyond this attempt at verisimilitude we are presented with a memory of an extremely inconsequential event -the breakfast, and its delivery timing- ten years after the event.
This book is an important read. It demonstrates vividly the inaccuracies of memory, and it presents the subject in a format that would entertain most courtroom novel fans. Author Loftus has written a variety of books including a recent one -The Myth of Repressed Memory"- that debunks repressed memory. A classic of hers is "Eyewitness Testimony" that is oriented more toward psychological theory and research.
I was originally looking for something more technical but still understandable to the lay reader. Elisabeth Loftus is a cognitive psychologist and expert on memory, including malleability of memory, the misinformation effect, false memories, and recovered memories. This is more Dateline or 20-20. Each chapter detailing a crime with little physical evidence and primarily relying on eye witness testimony. Its hard to believe prosecutors would have brought some of these cases to trial let alone get a conviction. Dr Loftus primarily testified for the defense and used to add balance to the eye witness’s testimony. Memory is malleable. Many things effect what and how we remember. Although the bulk of the book is about the criminal cases she testified in, she details the research used to base her testimonies on. In many ways this was more effective because it give a example of how information derived in research and laboratory studies can be applied to real life cases.
Top reviews from other countries
ケースごとに分かれているので読みやすく、翻訳もわかりやすい
I would recommend this book to anyone interested in the justice system and how it can be deceived by believing that an eyewitness testimony is always right.


