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Young Men and Fire Paperback – January 1, 1992
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Young Men and Fire won the National Book Critics Circle Award in 1992.
"A magnificent drama of writing, a tragedy that pays tribute to the dead and offers rescue to the living.... Maclean's search for the truth, which becomes an exploration of his own mortality, is more compelling even than his journey into the heart of the fire. His description of the conflagration terrifies, but it is his battle with words, his effort to turn the story of the 13 men into tragedy that makes this book a classic."—from New York Times Book Review Editor's Choice, Best Books of 1992
"A treasure: part detective story, part western, part tragedy, part elegy and wholly eloquent ghost story in which the dead and the living join ranks cheerfully, if sometimes eerily, in a search for truth and the rest it brings."—Joseph Coates, Chicago Tribune
"An astonishing book. In compelling language, both homely and elegant, Young Men and Fire miraculously combines a fascinating primer on fires and firefighting, a powerful, breathtakingly real reconstruction of a tragedy, and a meditation on writing, grief and human character.... Maclean's last book will stir your heart and haunt your memory."—Timothy Foote, USA Today
"Beautiful.... A dark American idyll of which the language can be proud."—Robert M. Adams, The New York Review of Books
"Young Men and Fire is redolent of Melville. Just as the reader of Moby Dick comes to comprehend the monstrous entirety of the great white whale, so the reader of Young Men and Fire goes into the heart of the great red fire and comes out thoroughly informed. Don't hesitate to take the plunge."—Dennis Drabelle, Washington Post Book World
"Young Men and Fire is a somber and poetic retelling of a tragic event. It is the pinnacle of smokejumping literature and a classic work of 20th-century nonfiction."—John Holkeboer, The Wall Street Journal
"Maclean is always with the brave young dead. . . . They could not have found a storyteller with a better claim to represent their honor. . . . A great book."—James R. Kincaid, New York Times Book Review
- Print length301 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherUniversity of Chicago Press
- Publication dateJanuary 1, 1992
- Dimensions0.75 x 5.5 x 8.5 inches
- ISBN-100226500624
- ISBN-13978-0226500621
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About the Author
Norman Maclean (1902-1990), woodsman, scholar, teacher, and storyteller, grew up in the Western Rocky Mountains of Montana and worked for many years in logging camps and for the United States Forestry Service before beginning his academic career. He was the William Rainey Harper Professor of English at the University of Chicago until 1973.
Product details
- Publisher : University of Chicago Press; First Edition (January 1, 1992)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 301 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0226500624
- ISBN-13 : 978-0226500621
- Item Weight : 13.9 ounces
- Dimensions : 0.75 x 5.5 x 8.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #290,677 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #147 in Natural Disasters (Books)
- #198 in Trees in Biological Sciences
- #283 in Nature Writing & Essays
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Norman Maclean grew up in and around Missoula, Montana, where he worked in logging camps and for the U.S. Forest Service. He attended Dartmouth College and taught English for 46 years at the University of Chicago.
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Norman writes:
"Those who knew something about the woods or about nature should soon have perceived an alarming gap between the almost sole purpose, clear but narrow, of the early Smokejumpers and the reality they were sure to confront, reality almost anywhere having inherent in it the principle that little things suddenly and literally can become big as hell, the ordinary can suddenly become monstrous, and the upgulch breeze suddenly can turn to murder. Since this principle comes about as close to being universal as a principle can, you might have thought someone in the early history and training of the Smokejumpers would have realized that something like the Mann Gulch fire would happen before long. But no one seems to have sensed this first principle because of a second principle inherent in the nature of man--namely, that generally a first principle can't be seen until after it has been written up as a tragedy and becomes a second principle."
Staying at his family's lake cabin in Montana during the summer break, Norman was within twenty miles at the time of the fire. A woodsmen himself who almost was caught in the Fish Creek fire when working for the Forest Service as a young man, he always felt a connection to the events that happened on Mann Gulch that hot August day. Upon his retirement, he took upon himself the job of discovering the secrets known only to those that perished in the fire. He did so to honor those that died there, to discover and share with them in their lives, their suffering and their tragedy, and in so doing shed light upon tragedy itself, a thing which in one way or another will ultimately become a part of all of our lives.
Norman Maclean is a fine man to head into the woods with. He has a dry sense of humor that is never lost, even when he is suffering through the heat of Mann Gulch in August. Of the many men we meet in our journey, I loved the character of Robert Sallee. Tough young kid and a very straightforward man. He led a very productive life, and resides in retirement today in Spokane Washington. Another favorite is Wag Dodge, the foreman, who kept his cool in the hottest of pressures, and discovered a way out, if only they would follow him to it. The responsibility of keeping those men safe weighed heavy upon him. After the fire, he stayed two more days, helping to identify the lost firefighters and remove their bodies. Dodge could never bring himself to jump again. He went up three more times, but could not go out through the door and into the unknown. His was a particularly tragic story.
Norman Maclean never finished Young Men and Fire. Perhaps the journey of self discovery had not reached its end by the time of his death. Perhaps the threads he attempted to weave together could not quite fit. Perhaps he tired before the fire and its tragedy, and was himself overtaken by it all. In the end it was left for his son, John Maclean, to finish the project, which he did along with the help of a number of the editors from the University of Chicago Press.
"It is clear to me now that the universe in its truculence doesn't permit itself to be that well known."
- Norman Maclean
Norman's Young Men and Fire is much more than a story of a deadly forest fire. It is a story of life and tragedy. I am there with Norman heart and soul. He is a fine writer, and it was a pleasure to be able to travel along with him, though the answers we sought were elusive, and sometimes not for us to find.
This is a multidimensional story. It is the story of the sixteen-man that in 1949 fought a wildfire at Mann Gulch, Montana and of the thirteen who died there. It is also the story of an on-the-spot innovation, subsequently made famous by studies of quick thinking when crew leader Wag Dodge saved himself from the fire by lighting another, burning the fuel and then sheltering in the burned out are have the problem of organizational behavior and small-unit cohesion among a group and a leader unaccustomed to working with the team. There is the story of fire-science that was greatly stimulated by the events at Mann Gulch. We could talk about the investigation of inc and court cases resulting or about the investigation, much of it never to-be-resolved, finished as much as it ever will be by the author almost forty years after the event, with the fi report cut short by the death of the author himself.
So, I recommend this book for if you are interested in any of the above subjects, or if you just want an excitin or are attracted by the forces of nature. Since I cannot cover all the details, I will go after those most related interest and experience. I bought this book as part of my study of the ecological use of fire and “Young Men and Fire” is a classic for fire science. But I first became aware of the book when studying innovation and organizational behavior, so I will talk about those things.
My study has concerned mostly prescribed burning in Southeastern pine forests, but I have also looked into ponderosa pine in the West and in tallgrass prairie ecosystems. The ecology in Mann Gulch included grassland brush along with ponderosa pine and Douglas fir. This was no prescribed or controlled fire.
Maclean sets the stage very well. He describes the young smoke jumpers, their attributes and attitudes. The were fit young men whose mission was to parachute ahead of fires and put them out before they got too big. Consider that in 1949, not long after World War II, the parachute was still a relatively new technology. Paratroopers had been heroes of the War and this was no doubt not lost on the young smoke jumpers, who s themselves in military terms, fighting fires as they would any other enemy. They knew that their task was dangerous, but they had the confidence of fit young men who had not seen failure. An important flaw in this organization, and one that may have been fatal, was that smoke jumping crews were assembled from a list of volunteers at each need. They were not a team used to working together. And their leader, Wag Dodge, although experienced in the woods and with fire fighting, did not know them well. Humans are not interchangeable p When the crisis breaks and they need to rely on quick thinking or training, it is important that the team think a time. The men in Mann Gulch did not.
It is also to think back to the mindset of the Forest Service at that time. This was before the science of ecology had developed, before fire behavior science had developed and before the idea the fire could be a natural and necessary part of the environment was even seriously considered. The Forest Service treated fire in the woo you would a fire in your living room. Put it out, they hoped before 10am. Lurking in the minds of all the ran was the memory of the Big Burn fire of 1910, which had burned more than three million acres and killed at least 78 fire fighters. (You can get a good background on that from “The Big Burn” on the “American Experience.)
The Mann Gulch fire behaved in particularly nasty ways for a variety of reasons. The topography was import The walls of the gulch channeled the wind and the rock faces created eddies, sort of mini-tornadoes of flame. Beyond that was the combination of timber and grass. A timber fire can get very hot but does not move very quickly. A grass fire is very rapid but not as hot, as the grass burns quickly and then goes out. Often only to the grass burns. The Mann Gulch fire combined the dangerous attributes of both, with the rapidly moving gr fire supported behind by the intense heat of the timber fire. It was hot enough to kill the firefighters and fast enough to outrun them.
The Mann Gulch became a blow up fire, which is a sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread accompanied by violent convection. The smoke jumpers just were not expecting this. The smoke jumper ethos was based the idea that they would be able to put out small fires before they became big ones. Their tools were simple. used shovels and simple tools to bury fire and beat it to death. These tools and methods are unsuited to a big which Mann Gulch became evidently in a matter of minutes. The firefighters have to stop fighting and get o the way of what they cannot stop. This was the problem; they could not get out the way fast enough.
The fire was coming fast because of the wind blowing up the gulch and from the wind created by the fire itself large fire creates its own wind. You can see that in a campfire or a fire in a fireplace. The fire draws in cool a heats it and pushes it out. The hot exhaust and gasses are what often kills. It burns lungs and suffocates. According to Maclean, it is ironically similar to drowning.
The fire also moved faster because it was going up hill. Fire burns up faster than it burns down. On the other hand, humans are slower running up hill. The young man did not have much of a chance to outrun the fire an this is were Wag Dodge has his idea. He no doubt understood the idea of a back-fire, i.e. a fire set in front of oncoming head fire designed to burn combustible material in advance of the big fire. Deprive it of fuel and it out. (This is one of the principles of conducting prescribed fires. Burners set a backfire to end the progress o head fire.) But nobody had used that principle to create an escape fire.
Dodge set a fire that burned the grass in front of the oncoming big fire and then laid on the ground in the ash and let the fire burn over him. He tried to get his fellow firefighters to join him, but they evidently (we can n know) did not understand or thought the idea was insane. Dodge survived and the principle of an escape fire entered the training manuals for fire fighters. BTW, the escape fire works in grass but not in timber fires. A timber fire burns slower but much hotter and longer.
I recommend the book, as I wrote above, but I do need to point out that the book is inconsistent through not of the author. Maclean died before the book was finished. His editors tried to do what they thought he would have done and they usually succeed, but there is a little too much step-by-step description of Maclean’s last v Mann Gulch. I suspect that these were first drafts or notes that Maclean would have tightened up.
“Young Men and Fire” has become classic in diverse fields of fire science, forestry and organizational behavior is also generally fun to read. One advantage of a “classic” is that it has been in print a long time. You can get book for one penny (plus shipping) on Amazon.
P.S. This fire and the crew involved has been studied in great detail. The story of Wag Dodge has become an example of innovation, while the problems of coordination have been studied by organizational theorists. Th a good online exploration of the ground Mann Gulch at this link.
P.S.S. – An added aspect of this tragedy is that it need not have happened at all. Researchers have talked ab the tactical problems of leaders, organization, geography, weather and bad luck. All these thing indeed came together in a kind of perfect storm. But there is a mega-issue. This fire did not need to be fought at all. Fire natural part of this ecosystem and there was nothing that needed to be saved in Mann Gulch. If you look at t photos of Mann Gulch today you are seeing the natural landscape. The fire was severe and deadly. It killed thirteen brave young men. But it did not destroy or even harm the long-term natural environment of the gulch. In fact, the natural environment today would have been worse had they succeeded in controlling that fire by as we the Forest Service standard of the time.









