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Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms: Journeys Into the Disappearing Religions of the Middle East Hardcover – October 21, 2014
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In Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms, former diplomat Gerard Russell ventures to the distant, nearly impassable regions where these mysterious religions still cling to survival. He lives alongside the Mandaeans and Ezidis of Iraq, the Zoroastrians of Iran, the Copts of Egypt, and others. He learns their histories, participates in their rituals, and comes to understand the threats to their communities. Historically a tolerant faith, Islam has, since the early 20th century, witnessed the rise of militant, extremist sects. This development, along with the rippling effects of Western invasion, now pose existential threats to these minority faiths. And as more and more of their youth flee to the West in search of greater freedoms and job prospects, these religions face the dire possibility of extinction.
Drawing on his extensive travels and archival research, Russell provides an essential record of the past, present, and perilous future of these remarkable religions.
- Print length352 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherBasic Books
- Publication dateOctober 21, 2014
- Dimensions6.5 x 1.25 x 9.5 inches
- ISBN-100465030564
- ISBN-13978-0465030569
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Editorial Reviews
Review
An eloquent and sensitive portrayal of the Middle East's lesser known religions, whose existence is severely threatened by the strident nationalisms and proxy wars that are currently tearing apart a region once renowned for its tolerance. Gerard Russell gives a voice to those who cannot speak for themselves, those whose traditionshanded down through many centuriesare being disregarded and indeed obliterated in a blaze of violence and hatred. He lifts the veil of ignorance' and reveals just what is at stakeboth in the Middle East and around the world. Through extensive and meticulous research, and encompassing years of travel to distant places to meet in person those whose lives have been turned upside down, Mr. Russell's passionate message touches the heart and reminds us of the value and beauty of tolerance.”
Tom Holland, author of In the Shadow of the Sword: The Battle for Global Empire and the End of the Ancient World
It is unbearably poignant that a book so learned and so beautifully written should have been written about the religious minorities of the Middle East just as many of them seem on the verge of extinction. Rarely have I read anything so timely.”
Independent Best Books of 2014 (Religion)
Economist's Intelligent Life Four Books of the Moment
Economist
A wonderfully intriguing book [written with] erudition, sensitivity, humour and aplomb: a remarkable achievement.”
Economist's Intelligent Life
He wears his research lightly, combining fairy-tale detailYazidis sacrifice bulls and revere a peacock rebel angelwith warning and elegy.”
Wall Street Journal
It is difficult to imagine a more timely book than Gerard Russell's Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms: Journeys Into the Disappearing Religions of the Middle East. Equal parts travelogue and history, Mr. Russell's meticulously researched book takes readers into some of the region's least-known minority communities: the Mandaeans of Iraq, the Copts of Egypt, the Zoroastrians, the Samaritans, and, yes, the Yazidis.”
New York Times Book Review
[A] lively new book.... Russell, a former British and United Nations diplomat, writes movingly of his encounters with the adherents of these faiths.... As religious identities become more pronounced, Russell's work reminds us that the Middle East was not always convulsed by sectarian bloodletting.”
Ambassador Peter W. Galbraith, author of The End of Iraq
This beautifully written account of the Middle East's unknown and vanishing religions could not be more timely. Just as the world turns its attention to the extremist attacks on Iraq's Yazidis, Gerard Russell tells us who they are. Russell's bookbased on his travels among the Yazidis, Mandaeans (followers of John the Baptist), Zoroastrians, Samaritans, Copts, and Druzeis the story of people and faiths that have links back to the dawn of civilization. It is travel writing in the tradition of Rebecca West and Robert Kaplan, but possibly better.”
Carne Ross, former diplomat and founder of Independent Diplomat
Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms has the beauty, wisdom, and tragedy of the best elegies. Gerard Russell's book is both timely and necessary, a scholarly and personal observation of religions that are the heritage of all mankind, yet are rapidly disappearing. It is part travelogue and part history of some of the original wellsprings of human culture, both ancient and modern, but also a meditation upon rites and beliefs that are mysterious and fascinating but grievously threatened. Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms is essential reading for everyone who cares about the Middle East, religion, and indeed our common history.”
Christian Century
Gerard Russell has written a well-crafted and readable book in which an acute observer tells an intriguing and significant story, drawing heavily on personal observation Russell has a sharp eye for telling details, for surprising quirks of speech or dress Russell makes an excellent travel companion and guide. Even if you know the history of the region, you will learn much . The book is above all a testimony to how minority movements can survive almost indefinitely under exceedingly harsh and unpromising conditions, and the degree to which they maintain their integrity under those circumstances. It is difficult to read such accounts without a sense of awe at human persistence and ingenuity.”
Books and Culture
[A] magnificent travelogue of the Middle East's disappearing religions The stories he tells are history and religion, but he tells them through the voices of people he befriends; these are tales of dusty bus rides, generous hospitality, slow sunset conversations. He tells history, in other words, at ground speed, the pace of a pilgrim, which is not only part of the charm and grace of the book but also what makes it relatable and engaging Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms is a beautiful and very human telling of stories we know in the merest part, stories that disturb and decenter the easy narrow-mindedness of literalists believers and dogmatic atheists alike.”
Independent (UK)
A fascinating survey of the half-forgotten little faiths of the region.”
The Times (UK)
This is a literary quest, but one tempered by shrewd political judgment. And it is a book full of gems . At its heart, Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms is about introducing nuance into a cartoonish western world view that sees the Middle East as Shia versus Sunni, Palestinians versus Jews, Muslims against Christians. This sometimes charming, always thoughtful, book is a reminder that Islamic states were not always as barbarous as the Islamic State gangsters who are currently usurping the
Booklist
Russell, a former British and UN diplomat who lived in the Middle East for 15 years, proves an excellent tour guide as he introduces the remnants of these near-extinct groups a fascinating read, especially when it becomes clear that, with a few twists of history, some of these religions would have been at the top, not the bottom.”
Library Journal
A fascinating and gracefully written study of minority religions, recommended for its appreciate of cultural richness and variety.”
Kirkus
Russell penetrates the secret workings of these religions tolerated throughout the ages by Christian or Islamic rulers, even pursuing his research to immigrant churches in Dearborn, Michigan. A pertinent work of history and journalism. As armies again march in the Middle East, these communities are at new risk.”
Peter Bergen, author of Manhunt: The Ten-Year Search for Bin Laden from 9/11 to Abbottabad
As the al-Qaeda splinter group, ISIS, storms across Syria and Iraq and attempts to destroy the Yazidi religious sect, now comes Gerard Russell, an erudite, polylingual former British diplomat, who documents the fates of the ancient religions of the Middle East, many of which are on the brink of extinction. Russell writes beautifully and reports deeply, and his account of these disappearing religions' will be an enduring anthropology of largely-hidden worlds that may disappear within our own lifetimes.”
Emma Sky, Senior Fellow at the Jackson Institute for Global Affairs, Yale University
Gerard Russell's beautifully written book provides wonderful insights into the Middle East and the beauty of the different cultures that have flourished there for centuries. It is a welcome respite from the usual portrayal of violence in the region, and at the same time a wake-up call of what will be lost if a perverse form of violent extremism is allowed to prevail. At a time when religion is so often seen as a cause of war, this book shows how lives can be enriched by maintaining rituals and beliefs through generations.”
James Traub, columnist for foreignpolicy.com
Gerard Russell has written a wonderfully beguiling Baedaker to the vastness of the Middle East, where ancient religions have survived like the remnants of an all-but-extinct species. At a time when the region is boiling with sectarian violence, Russell reminds us that the Arab world, and Islam itself, has given shelter to ancient faiths when Christian Europe would not. Heirs To Forgotten Kingdoms is a loving tribute to the ancient and the strange, to spliced genealogies, and to the heroic defense of heterodoxy in an increasingly intolerant world.”
Guardian (UK)
A fascinating record of the end of tolerance There have been good studies of individual parts of the process, but Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms, Russell's brilliant and constantly engaging account of his travels through the disappearing religions of the Middle East, is the first attempt to pull all these diverse threads together where Russell excels is in his ability to link the past and the present, and to draw from a well of historical and theological scholarship, and his deep erudition in Arabic and Farsi, to show why we must take note of these unlikely survivors from the ancient Middle East, why their emigration matters and how this is likely to affect contemporary politics It's a long time since I read a travel book that taught or illuminated so much, but its importance is greater than that. Tragically, this book puts on record for the last possible time a once-plural world that is on the verge of disappearing for ever.”
William Dalrymple, The Guardian
It's a very long time since I read a travel book that has taught or illuminated so much as Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms,' Gerald Russell's brilliant and constantly engaging account of his travels through the disappearing minority religions of the Middle East.”
Washington Post
Russell displays a clear enthusiasm for his project and an endearing affection for his subjects One hopes that the attention this book draws to ancient customs and beliefs will contribute to their preservation.”
New York Review of Books
[A] remarkable book the great virtue of Russell's book is its courageous spirit of sympathy for an immense range of human experience an urgently needed corrective in our age of deepening religious divisions.”
Financial Times
A fascinating survey of threatened and vanishing minority religions across the broader Middle East, written in an even tone sprinkled with wonder.”
The National
Gerard Russell, a former British diplomat who has served throughout the region, is a worthy successor to the great British Arabists of the past, passionately interested in the area and its ¬people...Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms is informative, thought-provoking and timely. It provides fascinating insights into the mosaic of religious beliefs that can be found throughout the Middle East, and also into how that diversity emerged and survived. Eschewing discussion of modern politics, it presents a challenge, nevertheless, to those who bear the responsibility for how this diversity can be preserved in the years to come. All humanity will be the loser should it disappear.”
Shelf Awareness for Readers
An important and engaging book for anyone interested in the Middle East.”
Publishers Weekly, starred review
[A] fascinating account of minority religions in Middle East By tying modern practice to historical context, Russell provides a valuable briefing on the ancient and medieval history of the region. He also muses on the immediate future of each community, particularly with respect to political instability and immigration, and his cheerfully personal tone makes all this information lively. This important and enjoyable glimpse into little-considered religious dynamics of the Middle East deserves to be widely read and distributed.”
New York Times Book Review By the Book
[A] highly topical study of Middle Eastern anomalies which is teaching me a lot, and should be read by all Western policy makers those who do read.”
Literary Review (UK)
Part vivid odyssey, part lucid history . Gerard Russell's timely and humane depiction of [these cultures] is a compelling read.”
Bookforum
A nation-hopping guidebook to the theology and customs of believers who can't fully inhabit the imaginations of many Western readers without a proper introduction Engaging and informative Russell introduces a cast of characters who, even when offering cagey responses to his earnest questions, humanize groups that news reports tend to treat as extras on the world stage.”
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Basic Books
- Publication date : October 21, 2014
- Edition : 1st
- Language : English
- Print length : 352 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0465030564
- ISBN-13 : 978-0465030569
- Item Weight : 1.3 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.5 x 1.25 x 9.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,094,703 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #28 in General Middle East Travel Guides
- #188 in General History of Religion
- #258 in History of Religions
- Customer Reviews:
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Customers find the book provides excellent information on various religions and presents fascinating history, making it an engrossing read. Moreover, the writing quality is well-received, with one customer noting its novel-like format, and customers appreciate its heartfelt approach. However, the scholarly content receives mixed reviews, with one customer criticizing it for being anecdotal rather than scholarly.
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Customers find the book provides excellent information on various religions and presents fascinating history, with one customer noting its depth of knowledge about little-known esoteric groups.
"...Every other page I exclaimed in delight at some marvelous story or ritual that Russell has uncovered - either in an ancient text he has found in..." Read more
"...you have interest in the Middle East and it’s religions, cultures, traditions, and how they are being impacted by the rise of intolerant ideas...." Read more
"...This book takes you back in time to the paths and philosophies of the great spiritual leaders like MANI, Zarathustra, Sheik Adi and Imam Ali who..." Read more
"...Mr. Russell's book is a delight to read, consistently informative without being in the least didactic, and illuminated by his own gentle and..." Read more
Customers find the book engaging and delightful, with one describing it as a masterpiece.
"...documentation of these ancient religions has yielded something of enduring beauty - and that is, dare I say it, a page-turner - is remarkable...." Read more
"...I immensely enjoyed reading this book. It’s a must read if you have interest in the Middle East and it’s religions, cultures, traditions, and how..." Read more
"...Gerard Russell writes a pleasant travelogue, though my impression was that the coverage was uneven, depending on what he could learn from other..." Read more
"...Mr. Russell's book is a delight to read, consistently informative without being in the least didactic, and illuminated by his own gentle and..." Read more
Customers praise the writing style of the book, finding it well-crafted and readable, with one customer noting its novel-like format and another appreciating its conversational tone.
"...Well told, interesting, but as stated, on the depressing side." Read more
"...Despite that, I was able to follow with ease. The epilogue discusses the Aramaic speaking descendents of the ancient Mesopotamians...." Read more
"...The author has a wonderful written voice and shows astonishing depth of knowledge and sensitivity (unlike me)...." Read more
"A well written description of the smaller religions of the Middle East...." Read more
Customers find the book compassionate and heartfelt, with one describing it as humbling.
"...It has so many virtous: the author writes with humility, empathy, and style...." Read more
"Intelligent, sympathetic and thoughtful explorations into the little known enclaves of ancient religions in the Middle East...." Read more
"A splendid, erudite, heartfelt, compassionate "must read" for anyone interested in the ancient history and religions of the "Fertile..." Read more
"Fascinating and humbling..." Read more
Customers have mixed views on the scholarly content of the book, with some finding it anecdotal rather than analytical, while others criticize its Christian perspective and lack of historical depth.
"...interest to me but its travelogue nature and its prejudice toward Christianity and monotheism diminish it." Read more
"...He also misquotes biblical scripture...." Read more
"...The author is not a historian and I noticed multiple inaccuracies and editorial mistakes, but the book does provide enough general historical..." Read more
"...Mostly anecdotal vs scholarly, but still very informative...." Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on October 31, 2014Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseMost reviews of this book focus on its timeliness in the face of ISIS (let alone Modernity). This is no doubt a good reason to read it. But here are some other reasons:
1. What insight into humanity's imagination!
Every other page I exclaimed in delight at some marvelous story or ritual that Russell has uncovered - either in an ancient text he has found in some dusty archive, or by direct observation of its practice today. Consider the characters of Mandaean mythology. There is Krun, the flesh mountain, who according to Russell "sounds a bit like Jabba the Hutt"; the dragon Ur, who sits above an ocean of flammable oil, and, Russell's professed favorite, the demon Dinanukht, "who is half man and half book and 'sits by the waters between the worlds, reading himself.'"
Or consider the Kalasha, whose rule-makers seem to have had a touch of OCD: "The right hand, the male sex, the high mountains, purity, odd numbers, and life all were affiliated with each other; to these were opposed the left hand, the female sex, the low valleys, impurity, even numbers, and death. So the men sat on the right-hand side of their houses and the women on the left. Likewise, it was men who herded the goats and women who planted crops, men who went into the mountains and women whose place was in the valleys, and women who were prone to all kinds of impurity." Russell then tells how "I was scolded for touching a village house as I passed it, since even this made it impure, and meant more juniper branches would need to be burned to restore its pristine state."
2. You'll learn a lot
The author wears his learning lightly, yet it bursts through on every page. What I appreciated especially was the enormous range of his references. For example, a modern Mandaean tells Russell that "I am sure there was a time when Mandaean women could be priests, not just men." Russell not only is able to confirm the particular fact about Mandaeanism: "She was right: in the Drasa da Yehia [a Mandaean holy book], a Jewish woman converts to Mandaeanism and becomes a priest." But he also mentions in passing: "Similarly, in ancient Babylon women could serve as priests. For that matter, women occasionally achieved secular positions of power in the ancient Middle East. The ancient Persian navy had a female admiral - Artemisia, back in the fifth century BC - and in the third century AD Palmyra had a powerful queen, Zenobia."
He also gives fascinating philosophical and historical context for many of his observations. For example, while describing asceticism, he speculates about the philosophical source of the self-denial: "Society was technologically advanced... Yet cesspits had to be cleaned out by hand, diseases such as typhoid were common, and wounds might easily develop gangrene. The body's weakness and foulness were in strange contrast to the intellect's amazing achievements. Since at this time it was not generally understood that the intellect had any connection with the brain (Galen realized that it did, but Aristotle had thought the brain existed just to release heat from the body), it was easy to suppose that the mind, or soul, could survive without the messiness of the body." What a striking thought - and how simply, and gracefully, argued.
3. Last chance to see?
Apart from at the very end, Russell does not say much about what *he* thinks about these religions and what's happening to them: he is the dispassionate academic observer, if one with unusual skill, intrepidity, and verve. He allows his subjects to speak for themselves. But when they do, it is often with considerable passion, beauty, and insight. Consider George, a Palestinian living in a Jewish neighborhood in Detroit. "Coming here [America] was the worst decision I ever made," he tells Russell. "I thought it would be like a salad, every ingredient taking on flavor from the other. It's more like a blender - everything ends up gray."
And this is one reason these religions may not be here for much longer, to say nothing of their more violent and deliberate destruction in recent years and months. The modern world must bear a debt of gratitude to Russell for writing this book: the product of a lifetime of learning, and years of travel in the most dangerous places on earth. That his documentation of these ancient religions has yielded something of enduring beauty - and that is, dare I say it, a page-turner - is remarkable. I urge you to buy it.
- Reviewed in the United States on December 27, 2017Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseBefore reading this book, I had the feeling that it would be sad book with a lot of horrible stories, and in my aspects it was, but it is also a book about resistance and survival. People generally have the impression that Middle East is overwhelmingly Muslim region with little diversity. After reading this book, the readers will come away with the knowledge that it’s not the case. Even amongst the Muslims, the diversity of believes is fascinating.
The book starts with talking about Mandaeans, who mostly reside in Iraq. They are ancient people, with beliefs rooted in as far back as Babylon. There aren’t that many of them left in Iraq and their situation has become even more precarious after the fall of Sadam Hussein and the subsequent violence in Iraq. The book also talks about Yazidis, who reside in Northern Iraq. They have higher population than Mandaeans, but due to their geography they are facing challenges from radical Islamists groups. They have interesting belief system, with mixture of Islamic, Hellenistic Greek, and other Ideas. Druze, who reside in Lebanon, Syria, Israel and other countries, are a fascinating people. It was surprising for me to read that, even to this day, how much Druze were influenced by Greek philosophers. There are many things that Yazidis, Mandaeans, and Druze share.
Zoroastrians are one of the more familiar of the groups discussed in the book. It was the dominant reglion in Iran before Arab conquest of the country. And most Zoorastrians now reside outside of Iran. Although the religion is in the decline, but many of its ideas and traditions have survived in Iran and other countries.
It was fascinating to read about Samaritans. Maybe less than one thousand of them remain. They are ancient people who are close to but differ with Jews. They are trying to balance and survive by learning how to balance their precarious situation, as they are sandwiched between Jews and Muslims. The chapter on Copts was interesting. Many Copts have been forced to migrate to Europe and North America. But due to their large numbers, they are not in danger of dying out. Nonetheless, they are in a difficult situation in Egypt.
In the end the book talks about pagan (kafir) people residing in the northern areas of Pakistan. Overall, the book does an excellent job of describing all these ancient people, their beliefs, and the kinds of dangers they are facing. Increasingly, globalization and accessibility to previously remote areas, is going to have dire consequences for ancient cultures with smaller numbers, and that are found in the midst of intolerant hostile societies.
I immensely enjoyed reading this book. It’s a must read if you have interest in the Middle East and it’s religions, cultures, traditions, and how they are being impacted by the rise of intolerant ideas. The only hope, as one reads through this book, is that these people have survived similar fates before.
- Reviewed in the United States on March 12, 2015This is a fascinating book to anyone intrigued by the commonality of religions in the Middle East, or religions of the Book. At this time when IS is hell bent (appropriate) on destroying the last vestiges of the ancient cultures and civilizations in that part of the world, this is a book that should be read by anyone interested in the 'politics' of the region.Perhaps one interesting observation made by Russell is that generally the Moslem World has shown much more tolerance of minority beliefs than we in the West/Europe have, for as he points out where are the ancient religions that were practised in Europe before the coming of Christianity? Whereas many of the minority religions of the Middle East pre-date Christianity, let alone the Muslim faith, by several thousand years.
Gerard Russell writes a pleasant travelogue, though my impression was that the coverage was uneven, depending on what he could learn from other sources and the willingness of the persons interviewed to reveal the details. And for those who wish to study further, there is a comprehensive list of references (so many that it takes up 1/3 of the book!
Top reviews from other countries
Anil KumarReviewed in India on August 23, 20165.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
excellent,relavant book
Amir TravisReviewed in Germany on April 11, 20165.0 out of 5 stars Heirs to forgotten Kingdoms
An excellent book which not only describes the beliefs and practices of various surviving religions in the Middle East - Zoraastrianism, Mandeism, the Druze, Copts, Yezidis etc., but also the author shows how all the different religious beliefs - and their attendant Dogmas - are entwined and interconnected.. No one Religion from the area has not been affected by the beliefs of the other religions that existed at the time of its inception. No one religion remained untouched by ist contemporaries. The author is a fluent Arabic and Farsi speaker and spent many years as a diplomat in the region so he has a first-hand knowledge of his subject. Essential reading for anyone interested in comparative religion or the history of the Middle East.
docreadReviewed in the United Kingdom on February 22, 20155.0 out of 5 stars How long will they survive in their homelands?
This is a book that stops you in your stride and makes you wonder. Would Druidism, Catharism or Bogomilism have survived in Europe? It is an extraordinary feat that these small communities of the ancient lands of the Middle East have survived persecution while clinging tenaciously to their old faiths despite centuries of trials and tribulations.One ponders the mixed roots and the syncretism that pervades most middle eastern religions including the three major faiths which came to dominate the rest as the result of historical accidents. It raises also the question of how a traditionally semi tolerant religion like Islam has morphed in the last few decades into an aggressive monolithic political ideology bent on eradicating all minority creeds.
In a multipolar world with a secular religiously indifferent but tolerant West, a militant ethnic Judaism and an increasingly retrograde intolerant Islam , each proclaiming its civilisational superiority and exceptional historical role, while these vanishing religious minorities face forced conversion or slaughter,dispersal outside their homeland and worse still marriage outside their communities.They could soon turn into museum curiosities ,studied by scholars fascinated by their esoteric origins and their centuries old resilience.
The survival of these minorities demonstrates once again the powerful hold of cultural and religious traditions as shapers of self identity, intermarriage as the means of survival in a hostile environment and esotericism as a strategy for preserving religious orthodoxy but above all the triumph of the human spirit in the face of adversity. Perhaps the march of History is towards increasing uniformity and homogenisation , an undoubted impoverishment in human affairs but a simplified solution to the problems of uncertain or multiple allegiances in the hegemonic nations of the modern world.There are many timely lessons to be garnered from this well researched and non patronising sympathetic text.
Tawsif Elahi ChowdhuryReviewed in Canada on June 29, 20195.0 out of 5 stars Great For Religious Studies
Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseGet this book if you are interested in ancient creeds and sects. I originally purchased it to learn more about the Mandaens and followers of John the Baptist.
FMReviewed in France on May 3, 20155.0 out of 5 stars Extremely interesting and pleasant read
A very good history of old and disappearing religions told in such a way that you cannot drop the book. Very interesting and also sad, because after thousands of years, it is probably the last of them for some. To find that you can hear more Aramean in Detroit than in Palestine is a sign of the end of this culture. I recommend.
