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Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire (Pulitzer Prize Winner) Paperback – April 26, 1994
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One of the Best Books of the Year: The New York Times
From the editor of The New Yorker: a riveting account of the collapse of the Soviet Union, which has become the standard book on the subject. Lenin’s Tomb combines the global vision of the best historical scholarship with the immediacy of eyewitness journalism. Remnick takes us through the tumultuous 75-year period of Communist rule leading up to the collapse and gives us the voices of those who lived through it, from democratic activists to Party members, from anti-Semites to Holocaust survivors, from Gorbachev to Yeltsin to Sakharov. An extraordinary history of an empire undone, Lenin’s Tomb stands as essential reading for our times.
- Print length624 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherVintage
- Publication dateApril 26, 1994
- Dimensions5.15 x 1.3 x 7.98 inches
- ISBN-100679751254
- ISBN-13978-0679751250
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Customers find the book interesting and informative about the collapse of the Soviet Union. They appreciate the well-researched history and clear explanations of Russian political history. The pacing is described as vivid and the writing style is described as enjoyable. Readers appreciate the personal biographies and interviews with leading Russian political figures and common people. The characters are described as interesting and clearly defined.
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Customers enjoy the book's pacing. They find the writing engaging and well-told, portraying events clearly and vividly. The book reads like a novel and is easy to digest. Readers praise the author's knowledge and skill in writing in Russian.
"...The story and the people are phenomenal, and they will expand your existential horizon." Read more
"Extremely well written, but depressing topic because of the make up of the Russians and Vladimir Putin...." Read more
"...It took work and persistence. That he is a gifted writer is lucky for his readers, and the one element that made this heart-breaking information..." Read more
"..."Lenin's Tomb" is a book of many stories that are all well told...." Read more
Customers find the book engaging and well-researched. They appreciate its coverage of current theories and old ones. Readers praise the author's ability to bring together different personalities and perspectives. Overall, they describe it as an impressive collection and analysis of information.
"...collage describing the critical period in Russian history, combined with keen commentary, creates for the reader the distinct flavor of the..." Read more
"...A very impressive book; should rank with the best. Strongly recommend. Bruce E. McLeod, Jr. Las Vegas, Nevada 11 April 2014" Read more
"...Fluent in Russian and a first rate wrier and intellect, Remnick shows us a dramatic historical event unfolding as seen from the trenches and above,..." Read more
"...It's fun to follow him track down figures and weasel his way to get access to whoever he wants to talk with...." Read more
Customers find the book informative and well-told about the history of the fall of the Soviet Union. They appreciate the clear explanations and engaging storyline. The book is considered timeless and should be read by anyone interested in the subject. Readers also mention that the author is invested in the story and provides personal anecdotes.
"...He draws from interviews and personal experiences of his time in Russia, as well as historical research...." Read more
"...to single events and perspectives and, although the story does unfold and weave together, this technique lends a slightly choppy feel to the reading..." Read more
"...We do get source notes, bibliography, index, a list of interviews, and twenty-two pages of relevant photos...." Read more
"...My conclusion is that the book is of timeless importance and should be read by any serious student of recent Russian history...." Read more
Customers enjoy the book's personal biographies and interviews with leading Russian political figures. They appreciate the author's knowledge and open access to key Soviet political players while in Russia. The book provides an insightful look into Vladamir Lenin and the Soviet Union.
"...and densely complimented by research and interviews with leading Russian political figures and the common man alike...." Read more
"...the best parts are that Remnick seemingly has open access to all the major Soviet political players while he was there...." Read more
"Loved the writing and knowledge of the writer." Read more
"...It’s basically one long drawn out description of how Russian dictators repeatedly massacre people and almost got close to a semblance of democracy..." Read more
Customers find the characters interesting and well-defined. They also mention that the protagonists and antagonists are clear.
"...Some of the characters he interviews are very interesting and others less so...." Read more
"...presents the history like a HS textbook-- the protagonists and antagonists are clearly defined, a simplified tale of good versus evil, more so the..." Read more
"...Very well done by Mr. Remnick, bringing many different personalities to life, from the dyed in the wool apparatchiks to the reformers...." Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on March 4, 2004The book is a compilation of short stories (each chapter a dozen pages or so) about the author's first-hand experiences in the Gorbachev's Soviet Union. From Baltic to Sakhalin and from coal miners to Gorbachev himself, from Stalin to Yeltsin and from Solzhenitsyn to Sakharov, the book paints the picture of the monolith's fall. This colorful collage describing the critical period in Russian history, combined with keen commentary, creates for the reader the distinct flavor of the time.
For Russia, it was the age of confusion and disillusionment. Gorbachev's half-hearted reforms (the interest in truth ended where the Party interests were concerned, the pursuit of democracy gave way to the pursuit of the runaway republics etc.) were matched by the half-hearted '91 coup (no real plan, no propaganda with the military, Lenin wouldn't have approved).
For generations, Russian people did not know much of the sad history of their country and less still about the life in the West. The blissful ignorance was one thing that helped them in their miserable existence. Their various degrees of belief in the grand ideals were the other. With glasnost, Gorbachev aimed at opening the gates of truth while preserving the faith. In all honesty, it was impossible: the foundation for the faith was thoroughly rotten and relaxing the state control of mass media could only reveal it. All of a sudden, millions of people had to face hard evidence showing that the glorious history of their country never was. That the Bolshevik revolution was but a ruthless coup followed by a bloody terror. That many national heroes, all the way to Lenin, were privilege- and power-hungry maniacs. The Russian people had to go (and are still going) through an incredible adjustment of their understanding of right and wrong, brought about by a mere possibility of truth in the phrase of Molotov (himself not the most impeccable politician): "Compared to Lenin Stalin was a mere lamb". Similarly, it was a hard realization for many a soviet man that in the late 80's "an average Soviet had to work 10 times longer than the average American to buy a pound of meat". The full awareness of their tragic history and miserable reality must make it so much more difficult for Russian people to live in the country which is overwhelmingly corrupt, lawless and poor.
Remnick's parents and in-laws, all four having escaped from the old empire, could not imagine going back even for a visit, apparently having no faith in the Russian democratic changeover. On the other side of the ocean, the Russian military colonel excavating the Katyn massacre site, by disobeying direct orders from a KGB general to stop the work, believed in the prevalence of positive change in Russia. Today's Russia, with its authoritarian government and shady political and legal process, still leaves its democratic future a matter of faith.
By way of some criticism, Gorbachev brought about an incredible change. His glasnost and personal presence revived the anemic (or galvanized the non-existent) political forces unheard of in a largely Brezhnev-era Russia. He fought many of the first battles alone. The book does not make a case for that. Glasnost provided food for the hungry Soviet mind, but perestroika, restructuring, was supposed to change the way Soviet people live. The book could have benefited from taking on perestroika in some detail.
Overall, very enjoyable and engaging.
- Reviewed in the United States on April 12, 2014David Remnick’s book “Lenin’s Tomb…” is a gem; thorough, informative and instructive. He traveled the length and breadth of former Soviet Union countries, interviewed leaders of science, industry, trade workers, farmers, dissidents, and advocates who provided personal views of the Soviet political machine and its impact on their lives. The interviews with key political figures, journalists and ordinary citizens also provided stories of neglect and physical abuse amid those who blatantly disregarded basic human needs and others who didn’t seem to care.
Remnick’s fascinating book contained detailed historical accounts from those who witnessed the chain-of-events of Stalinism.These person to person contacts were very moving. Stalin’s brutal regime was hard and ugly. It was difficult to understand and discouraging to read comments of admiration, living under this system, rather than scores of condemnation.
History enthusiasts should read this book for an in-depth knowledge of Stalinism and how it dramatized and excoriated the “soul” of its peoples and, what life was like under a despotic Communist ruler. I could not put this book down. It’s readable, interesting and tells a good story; chocked full of events from people who were “drivers” of the Communist world and of those who orchestrated its demise.
An extraordinary revelation of a perverted political system perpetrated upon the innocent. A very impressive book; should rank with the best. Strongly recommend.
Bruce E. McLeod, Jr.
Las Vegas, Nevada
11 April 2014
- Reviewed in the United States on April 8, 2022“In the years after Stalin’s death, the state was an old tyrant slouched in a corner with cataracts and gallstones, muscles gone slack. He wore plastic shoes and a shiny suit that stank of sweat. He hogged all the food and fouled his pants. In the mornings his tongue was coated with the ash taste of age. He mumbled and didn’t care. His thoughts drifted like storm clouds and came clear only a few times a year to recite the old legends of Great October and the Patriotic War. The state was nearly senile but still dangerous enough. He kept the border key in his pocket and ruled every function of public life. Now and then he had fits and the world trembled. A magnificent life support system of agents, informers, police, wardens, lawyers and judges worked at his bedside to keep the old tyrant breathing.” - David Remnick, ‘Lenin’s Tomb’
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David Remnick won the Pulitzer Prize for ‘Lenin’s Tomb’ in 1994, and became editor of the New Yorker in 1998. Prior to that he wrote as a Washington Post Moscow correspondent for four years, from 1988 through the end of the Soviet Union. He draws from interviews and personal experiences of his time in Russia, as well as historical research. The book is a journalistic account and benefits from it. Remnick begins with the 1991 exhumation of 22,000 Polish people who were murdered by Stalin’s KGB in 1940. The work is ordered to stop as a coup against parliament is staged by right wing military forces. Russians became deluged with information that had been suppressed about the Stalinist dictatorship.
Glasnost
Remnick tells of his arrival in Moscow at an apartment with bugged rooms, little heat or hot water, slush and ice eight months of the year. He has a casual voice, at times comic, which doesn’t detract from the serious issues that he covers; endless wait lists for apartments, lack of services and empty shelves. With glasnost came protests and criticism of the government, something unheard of before. People read about wars in Chechnya and Afghanistan, the literature of George Orwell, and Robert Conquest on the Great Terror and Famine. Children of Khruschev’s thaw, Politiburo members were intent to save the structure of socialism, but cheating, loafing and double dealing were endemic to the system.
Dissidents
Remnick attends meetings in 1988 of Moscow intellectuals who give speeches and debate a future society. He discusses the ‘return of history’ during Gorbachev’s tenure. Without an assessment of the past a transition to the future wouldn’t be sustainable. It was proven in Khrushchev’s 1956 reforms being reversed by Brezhnev in 1964. A historian collects the data of people who died in state custody. A filmmaker shoots a movie where a daughter digs up the dictator’s corpse who killed her father. On the 70th anniversary of the Revolution Gorbachev gives a speech denouncing Stalin for eliminating ten of thirteen original Bolshevik leaders, two thirds of the Central Committee and thousands of Red Army commanders.
Survivors
Remnick meets with the Litvinov family, whose grandfather had been a foreign minister under Stalin, and his dissident grandson. Leading a protest in Red Square against the 1968 invasion of Prague, he was exiled to Siberia for five years. In an upscale apartment block reserved for Party apparatchiks is the last member of Stalin’s inner circle. Remnick pursues an interview with Kaganovich, the People’s Commissar who had deported millions to labor camps. He was then a 96 year old blind man. Remnick’s grandparents escaped Russia on foot, fleeing from the Tsar’s pograms of Jews. When they heard he was learning Russian in high school, and planned to live in Moscow, they concluded he was out of his mind.
Terror
Remnick visits Anna Larina, the wife of Nicolai Bukharin, a General Secretary executed by Stalin in 1938. Gorbachev and others co-opted his ideas for a mixed economy and a limited pluralism as a model for perestroika reforms. She had waited decades for his rehabilitation, imprisoned as the wife of an enemy of the people. Bukharin’s confession in the 1936 show trial was an indictment of Stalin, used by Arthur Koestler in his ‘Darkness at Noon’. Anna remained in exile until the late 1950’s for refusing to denounce her husband. During 1988 Bukharin and nineteen of his ‘conspirators’ had convictions posthumously overturned. The news made world headlines, Anna emerged for interviews, publishing a memoir in 1991.
Repression
Remnick describes a play that mocked Lenin, sanctioned by the liberal faction. A controversial letter from an old Stalinist woman is circulated in papers, approved of by conservatives. Meeting her in St. Petersburg, she argues ‘If Gorbachev was alive in the 1930’s we would have put him up against a wall.’ The right wing answered criticism of Stalin with widespread attacks against Jews and the intelligentsia. In 1989 100,000 Jews emigrated to Israel and the West. Remnick meets with a physician who survived Stalin’s ‘Doctor’s Plot’. He describes his experiences from the Tsar’s time until 1989. Stalin was preparing mass deportations of Jews to labor camps when he luckily died in 1953. Nothing much had changed for the Jews.
Perestroika
Remnick follows activists for a memorial to Stalin’s victims. In the five years after 1935 twenty million were arrested; of those seven million were executed. They were supported by Andrei Sakharov, the nuclear scientist and 1975 Nobel Peace Prize winner who promoted nuclear disarmament, peace and human rights. The economy was in shambles, the Politburo divided between hardliners and reformers. At a democracy conference Boris Yeltsin called for more radical change but Gorbachev stood by his belief in socialism. Baltic movements for independence were a threat to the Soviet Union, calls for private property a betrayal of ideals. By 1990 polls showed only 20% of Russians believed socialism was still viable.
Connections
Remnick provides sketches of Gorbachev and Sakharov, meeting with their families and friends. Gorbachev came from a poor village the Caucasus, a hardworking farmer’s son and top scholar who migrated to Moscow to study law. Sakharov was the co-inventor of the nuclear bomb that first exploded in Kazakhstan in 1953, five months after Stalin’s death. Both had family connections with people who died in labor camps, and Stalin’s demise marked a turning point in their lives. Each were believers in communist doctrine who began to question Stalinism. Gorbachev released Sakharov from exile in 1986 and he returned to Moscow, resuming his dissident activities, as Gorbachev worked within the system.
Corruption
Remnick revisits the years after Khrushchev was overthrown by Brezhnev in 1964. A pervasive system of corruption took the place of ideology. From the lowest levels of industry and agriculture, kickbacks flowed all the way up to the Kremlin and Brezhnev himself. Positions in government and business were for sale at established prices and the Politburo was run like the mafia. Remnick meets Party bosses in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan who had been ousted by Gorbachev. Yeltsin, fired from the Politburo for criticizing slow paced reforms, denounced corruption within the Party. His popular appeal sparked protests and political action groups. The rise of private enterprise was another threat to Party business.
Poverty
Remnick notes a great oil boom had kept the economy afloat until the mid ‘80s. By 1988, destitution, homelessness and decrepitude were everywhere. Before the Revolution Russia had been ranked 7th in per capita consumption, now 77th. The large majority lived below the poverty line and began to connect it with failure of the Party. Glasnost made mention of its failures permissible. In Central Asia infant death rates were as high as 1 in 10, typically underreported. Remnick visits Turkmenistan to see the conditions for himself. Even with glasnost the local Party bosses repressed free speech. Planners in Moscow had turned cotton into a monoculture, drained the Aral Sea and poisoned people with pesticides.
Elections
Remnick travels around to the first elections for Gorbachev’s new Congress in 1989, as demonstrating students in Beijing were massacred. It was still a one party system, often with one candidate in rural areas, but in Moscow and large cities democracy fever ran high. Party Congress was a two week affair, televised for the first time. Nearly everyone in Russia had state issued televisions, essential in past propaganda. A month later massive demonstrations and strikes rocked the Kremlin from Ukraine to Siberia, dispelling the illusion of a gradual revolution. Workers who had lived in desperate conditions and never dared to protest rose in hundreds of thousands, overflowing into the city squares and streets.
Dissolution
Remnick recounts rebellion of Soviet Republics from Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia to Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan. Gorbachev thought that he could replace local leaders with Russians, but this only increased the calls for independence. His visit to East Berlin sparked a revolt that tore down the Wall within weeks. With Lech Walesa in Poland and Vaclav Havel in Czechoslovakia socialist states began to secede one by one. Nationalists in Ukraine’s city of Lviv promised the second largest republic of the USSR would be independent. Lenin had once written: “For us to lose the Ukraine would be to lose our head”. Ukrainian disillusionment had reached its limit in 1986 with the handling of the disaster at Chernobyl.
Collapse
Remnick relates how after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize Gorbachev began to move to the right as the KGB, police and army pressured him to end political and economic reforms. The old dictatorship and new democracy existed side by side, the danger of a military coup was imminent. Massacres in the Baltics and Caucasus destabilized the Republics. In 1991 Yeltsin was elected President. Gorbachev remained Secretary, but the right wing cabal demanded that he agree to martial law. Refusing, he was arrested, emergency declared and key institutions seized. Yeltsin barricaded Parliament and rallied a resistance. Soldiers and civilians began to ignore orders of the leaders and the putsch collapsed along with the Party.
As a journalist, Remnick’s chapters are almost like extended newspaper features or magazine articles. They could be read as stand alone pieces, although there is a common thread throughout. This could be good or bad, depending on your preferences. Some of the characters he interviews are very interesting and others less so. If you weave the people and events in this book together it is a tapestry that makes a coherent whole, but requires some effort. A criticism may be Remnick seems to include every incident from his four year stay, many that are likely outtakes from his Washington Post reports. Most of these concerns are alleviated by Remnick’s writing, which is usually very good and at times excellent.
Top reviews from other countries
J&JReviewed in Canada on June 4, 20225.0 out of 5 stars Great Historical Novel
Very interesting history of how we arrived at the Russia of today.
Paradesi K.YarikipatiReviewed in India on October 19, 20215.0 out of 5 stars A Live Account of a tragic history
David Remnic takes you to Soviet era and makes you feel as living and seeing the events unfolding...a Live account of tragic history...must read
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Luiz Carlos RobortellaReviewed in Brazil on April 17, 20175.0 out of 5 stars Livro obrigatório
Muito bom livro, escrito por jornalista que viveu na URSS na época de Gorbatchev. Estilo caro e clima de romance,
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Christopher LivesayReviewed in Italy on January 13, 20185.0 out of 5 stars Outstanding writing and analysis that holds up in 2018
Remnick's writing and analysis is superb. Given today's new Cold War, I was anxious to see if this pre-Putin book would still hold up. Indeed it does, and provides invaluable background that seems remarkably current.
Amazon CustomerReviewed in the United Kingdom on January 1, 20185.0 out of 5 stars Great for anyone with deep or casual interest in Soviet ...
This book is not just informative, it makes the story it's telling come to life. Great for anyone with deep or casual interest in Soviet history.


