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The First 90 Days: Critical Success Strategies for New Leaders at All Levels Hardcover – September 18, 2003
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In this hands-on guide, Michael Watkins, a noted expert on leadership transitions, offers proven strategies for moving successfully into a new role at any point in one's career. Concise and practical, The First 90 Days walks managers through every aspect of the transition, from mental preparation to forging the right alliances to securing critical early wins. Through vivid examples of success and failure at all levels, Watkins identifies the most common pitfalls new leaders encounter and provides tools and strategies for how to avoid them.
- Print length253 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherHarvard Business School Press
- Publication dateSeptember 18, 2003
- Dimensions6 x 1 x 8.75 inches
- ISBN-101591391105
- ISBN-13978-1591391104
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"Those who take the time to complete Watkins' steps will likely reap rewards..." -- USA Today, November 17, 2003
"Watkins offers a do-it-yourself road map for executives, whether ... moving into start-ups, leading turnarounds, orchestrating changes or sustaining high-performance companies." -- Financial Times, October 9, 2003
"Watkins provides enough statistics, charts, and checklists to help any newly minted boss roam the halls with confidence." -- Fortune, November 10, 2003
"Watkins' book is packed with tested real-world advice designed to help the new executive make a strong first impression..." -- ExecuNet, October 27, 2003
It is meant for, and should be useful to, anyone about to make a change. -- The Economist, December 19, 2003
The book is an excellent contribution to creating successful leadership as well as effective organization... Highly recommended. -- Gerry Stern, The Future Organization
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Harvard Business School Press (September 18, 2003)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 253 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1591391105
- ISBN-13 : 978-1591391104
- Item Weight : 15.2 ounces
- Dimensions : 6 x 1 x 8.75 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #120,624 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #555 in Job Hunting & Career Guides
- #1,201 in Business Management (Books)
- #1,719 in Leadership & Motivation
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Michael Watkins coaches C-level executives of global organizations and is founder of Genesis Advisers (www.genesisadvisers.com), a global leadership development consultancy specializing in transition acceleration for leaders, teams and organizations. He is also Professor of Leadership and Organizational Change at the IMD Business School where he teaches a popular Virtual First 90 Days Open Program for leaders in transition (www.imd.org/f90d). He has spent the last two decades working with executives - both corporate and public – to help them craft their legacies as leaders and is ranked among the leading management thinkers globally by Thinkers50 (2019).
Watkins is author of the international bestseller The First 90 Days Updated and Expanded: Proven Strategies for Getting Up to Speed Faster and Smarter, aptly dubbed “The Onboarding Bible” by The Economist. With over a million copies sold in English and translations in 24 languages, The First 90 Days is the classic reference for leaders in transition and a standard learning and development resource for executive onboarding. Amazon named it one of its top 100 business books of all time.
Prior to joining IMD, Watkins was a member of faculty at INSEAD, Harvard Business School and the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, where he designed and taught world-class programs for high-potential leader development, corporate diplomacy, and strategic negotiation.
You can find Michael:
On LinkedIn (www.linkedin/in/michaeldwatkins)
On Twitter (@MichaelDWatkins)
You can follow The First 90 Days:
First 90 Days Facebook Page (www.facebook.com/thefirst90days)
First 90 Days YouTube Channel (www.youtube.com/first90days)
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One aspect of the STaRS model struck me as needing elaboration. Different STaRS situations were, in part, characterized by whether the people involved agreed on how well things were going and what direction to take. That seemed unrealistically oversimplified. There'll often be people who are on board and those who aren't. The question is who. Maybe senior management has a consensus, but your staff doesn't. Maybe your staff has a consenus, but it's not the same as management's, and then your key customers have yet another view. Sometimes you've got overall consensus in one group or another, but one or two key people within the group see the situation differently. With each of the four situations in the STaRS model, it should be important to know where you have agreement on status and directions, and where you don't.
The book had its weak spots. Sometimes, the advice was overly simplistic, to the point that it felt like padding. I should set realistic goals? I should ask good questions? No kidding, really? I wouldn't think that anyone in a new managerial role would consciously plan to set bad goals and ask bad questions. (Their goals and questions might turn out to be bad, but they didn't go into the situation wanting to do the job poorly.) Also, the author's advice sometimes strayed quite far from business. Talk to me about the different challenges facing startups and turnarounds, sure, but I don't think he's qualified to tell me how to maintain a work-life balance (Chapter 9).
I had hoped the checklists at the end of each chapter would offer practical steps toward creating and implementing a 90-day plan, including good tips on when to do various things. Instead, the checklist items were rather nebulous and non-directive. The "checklist" label was a misnomer, compared to what I normally expect from a checklist. With each new chapter, I spent less and less time reading the checklist.
The anecdotes that started each chapter didn't do anything for me. Every one of them fell into one of two forms: a) Jane Doe succeeded by doing what I'm about to tell you to do, or b) Jane Doe failed by not doing what I'm about to tell you to do. They felt like simplistic self-justification, not insightful explorations of the advice being offered.
I would have liked some summary comparisons, for later reference and reminder, of the different STaRS situations, and a summary structure for the elements of the 90-day plan. This is all stuff that was strewn throughout the book, but some reference summaries would have been helpful.
All in all, though, there was good advice in the book, especially in comparing different aspects of the STaRS model. The book is suitable for anyone in a new leadership role. I don't see why some people are saying this is for senior leadership only. A new front-line supervisor could benefit from a 90-day plan too.
The Kindle version worked pretty well. I saw that some older reviews of the Kindle version complained about badly formatted tables and so on. That appears to have been resolved. The tables and figures are intact. However, you can't resize them and they don't use your chosen text size, so you might find them hard to read. The table of contents was pretty good, covering the chapters and the front and end matter, but not the subsections within chapters.
In this remarkable book (I can think of seven transitions where this book would have saved me--and others--major pain), Michael Watkins, a Harvard Business School prof, delivers a thoughtful and well-reasoned plan for what he calls "critical success strategies for new leaders at all levels." It's the difference between virtuous and vicious. He says, per Proposition #3, "that the overriding goal in a transition is to build momentum by creating virtuous cycles that build credibility and by avoiding getting caught in vicious cycles that damage credibility."
I'm recommending this to all my clients. The first 90 days of a new job are critical for everyone: first-time managers, long-time managers now leading new departments, plus first-time CEOs and experienced CEOs recruited to other organizations. "Like swimming," says Watkins, "transitioning is a teachable skill."
Perhaps the biggest a-ha moment was his brilliant segmenting of the four kinds of organizations (or departments). Which one did you inherit in your last transition? His acronym, "STARS," describes the four: Start-up, Turn-Around, Realignment, and Sustaining Success. A successful CEO of a Turn-Around may fail at a Realignment. Chapter 3, "Match Strategy to Situation," is worth the price of the book. The "STARS" theme oozes out and through all the chapters. Example: rewarding success is easiest in a Start-up, and rarely acknowledged in a Realignment. He explains why.
He gives examples across all sizes of organizations: small departments, medium-size companies and then an astounding example from Coca-Cola. Warning leaders than no one is immune from the perils of transition, he discusses the CEO stint of Douglas Ivester, promoted to Coke's CEO in 1997, after serving three years as president and COO.
"But Ivester was unable to make the leap from COO to CEO. He refused to name a new COO, even when strongly pressed to do so by Coke's board of directors. Instead, he continued to act as a `superCOO' and maintained daily contact with the sixteen people who reported to him. His extraordinary attention to detail which had been such a virtue in finance and operations, proved to be a hindrance in his new position. Ivester could not free himself from day-to-day operations enough to take on the strategic, visionary, and statesmanlike roles of an effective CEO."
The Wall Street Journal even piled on. "The job of running a giant company like Coca-Cola Co. is akin to conducting an orchestra, but M. Douglas Ivester, it seems, had a tin ear...[He] knew the math, but not the music required to run the world's leading marketing organization."
Yikes. There are a lot more stories and case study examples. I know that I recommend a lot of books. Trust me--every staff resource shelf needs this one. I measure a book by the number of dog-eared pages. You've heard of the musical group, "Three Dog Night?" This is a "27 Dog-eared Pages" act--and I've become a groupie.
Top reviews from other countries


I was initially sceptical due to the age of the book and the guy that said it was worth a read but management always comes down to the people - and they don't change.

This book provides you with a framework, the trick is to have a pencil, paper and lots of thinking time to hand- As an experienced senior manager I know (with some hindsight!!) success in a post is built on the thinking and focus BEFORE you take up post.
Easy to read, well structured and prompting action- a great combination

