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Centers of Progress: 40 Cities That Changed the World Paperback – September 19, 2023
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"In this superb book, Chelsea Follett takes the reader on a time-travel cruise through the great flash points of human activity to catch innovations that have transformed human lives." ―From the foreword by bestselling author Matt Ridley (The Rational Optimist and The Evolution of Everything)
Where does progress happen? The story of civilization is the story of the city. It is cities that have created and defined the modern world by acting as the sites of pivotal advances in culture, politics, science, technology, and more. There is no question that certain places, at certain times in history, have contributed disproportionately toward making the world a better place. This book tells the story of 40 of those places.
In Centers of Progress: 40 Cities That Changed the World, Chelsea Follett examines a diverse group of cities, ranging from ancient Athens to Song-era Hangzhou. But some common themes stand out: most cities reach their creative peak during periods of peace; most centers of progress also thrive during times of social, intellectual, and economic freedom, as well as openness to intercultural exchange and trade; and centers of progress tend to be highly populated. Because, in every city, it is ultimately the people who live there who drive progress forward―if given the freedom to do so.
Identifying common factors―such as relative peace, freedom, and multitudes―among the places that have produced history's greatest achievements is one way to learn what causes progress. Change is a constant, but progress is not. Understanding what makes a place fertile ground for progress may help to sow the seeds of future innovations.
Moreover, their story is our story. City air provides the wind in the sails of the modern world. Come journey through these pages to some of history's greatest centers of progress.
- Print length260 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherCato Institute
- Publication dateSeptember 19, 2023
- Dimensions6.05 x 1.4 x 8.9 inches
- ISBN-101952223652
- ISBN-13978-1952223655
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“Chelsea Follett has written a book telling a history of human ingenuity covering 12,000 years! We learn this astonishing epic by reading about the life―and sometimes death―of 40 cities on five continents. There is a common thread linking these urban biographies: people of different cultures meeting in cities doted with a degree of intellectual freedom develop an ability to solve technical and social problems. And because cities communicate, their inventions slowly add up and soon spread across continents, benefiting humanity. Centers of Progress provides an optimistic, well-documented view of the world. We badly need this long-term perspective!” -- Alain Bertaud, Order without Design: How Markets Shape Cities
“Endlessly fascinating, wide-ranging, and provocative, Centers of Progress takes us on a tour of the most creative moments of human history. Chelsea Follett moves us around the globe and across millennia. From the invention of agriculture to the digital revolution, Follett shows us the many ways in which cities have freed the imagination and brought forth new ideas that improved our lives. An inspiring rebuttal to stories of decline, Follett demonstrates that whenever people were free to gather, interact, and innovate, progress followed.” -- Jack A. Goldstone, author of Why Europe? The Rise of the West in World History, 1500–1850
“We shouldn't just study the past to avoid repeating mistakes; we should also go there to be inspired by remarkable episodes of creativity and progress. And Chelsea Follett is the perfect tour guide. Centers of Progress is a comprehensive history lesson packed with facts yet always an enjoyable and easily accessible read.” -- Johan Norberg, author of Open: The Story of Human Progress
“Cities have long been places that foster innovation and flourishing. They could just as well be called ‘labor markets,' ‘population clusters,' or ‘agglomerations' where people merge and, operating from market signals and personal need, produce stuff others find beneficial. Chelsea Follett's book Centers of Progress describes the historical role that cities played in such advancement. From medical innovations that sprang off the Nile River in the third millennium BC in Egypt to the defeat of ruinous ‘-isms' and rise of the 20th-century liberal order, urban centers made it happen. Underlying Follett's work is the case for fostering the market economies that will help cities continue this role in the future.” -- Scott Beyer, author of Market Urbanism: A Vision for Free-Market Cities
“The best way to understand progress is to study history: the case studies of how it actually happened. Here are dozens of such stories―concise and readable―from all over the world, which is a reminder that progress can come from anywhere.” -- Jason Crawford, founder of the Roots of Progress
“Chelsea Follett guides us through 40 cities where innovations enabled humanity to progress to longer and better lives. We revisit beloved cities that are well-known to us from travel or reading, such as Athens, London, and New York. But we also learn of the achievements of exotic and underappreciated cities, such as Budj Bim, Nan Madol, and Chang'an. Many of Follett's cities were bastions of freedom in a landscape that was otherwise much less free. She reminds us why our beleaguered cities are worth saving.” -- Art Diamond, author of Openness to Creative Destruction: Sustaining Innovative Dynamism
“By looking at cities as the centers of progress, this book recasts world history as a developing set of ideas and technologies. This is a much welcome alternative to the approaches to the past that see nations, social classes, or institutions as the drivers and carriers of history. Follett reminds us that history is made by people and that when people congregate in cities, they become more innovative and contribute more to historical development. It is a positive story that everyone can learn from.” -- Michael J. Douma, co-editor of What Is Classical Liberal History?
“Cities are our greatest invention. From ancient cities like Jericho and Uruk to Athens and Rome and onward to Vienna, Kyoto, Florence, Berlin, Paris, London, New York, San Francisco, and many more, Chelsea Follett shows how cities power human progress in technology, arts, and across the board. An absolute must read for mayors, urban leaders, businesspeople, and anyone concerned about the future of our cities, economy, and society.” -- Richard Florida, author of The Rise of the Creative Class
“The story of human progress in all its forms is the story of civilization's greatest achievements. So, what better way to teach about those accomplishments than through a focus on the cities that were usually there at the beginning? In Centers of Progress, Chelsea Follett elegantly and briskly goes through most of our greatest accomplishments from the beginnings of agriculture to medicine, trade, and currency and to big ideas and events like the foundations of liberal democracy, emancipation, suffrage, and the fall of Communism. And it ends, quite appropriately, with the digital revolution. To be read by all, from children to centenarians.” -- John Nye, author of War, Wine, and Taxes: The Political Economy of Anglo-French Trade, 1689–1900
“Some times and places seem almost magical in the way they incubate ideas and movements. In explaining the magic in this fascinating book, Chelsea Follett shines a light on the drivers of human progress.” -- Steven Pinker, author of Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress
About the Author
Chelsea Follett is the managing editor of HumanProgress.org, a project of the Cato Institute that seeks to educate the public on the global improvements in well‐being by providing free empirical data on long‐term developments. Her writing has been published in the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Newsweek, Forbes, The Hill, Business Insider, National Review, the Washington Examiner, and Global Policy Journal. She was named to Forbes' 30 under 30 list for 2018 in the category of Law and Policy. She lives in Washington, D.C.
Product details
- Publisher : Cato Institute
- Publication date : September 19, 2023
- Language : English
- Print length : 260 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1952223652
- ISBN-13 : 978-1952223655
- Item Weight : 2.31 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.05 x 1.4 x 8.9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,328,301 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #322 in History of Civilization & Culture
- #3,592 in Political Philosophy (Books)
- #4,529 in History & Philosophy of Science (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Chelsea Follett is a policy analyst at the Cato Institute’s Center for Global Liberty and Prosperity and the managing editor of HumanProgress.org, a project of the Cato Institute that seeks to educate the public on the global improvements in well-being by providing free empirical data on long-term developments. Her writing has been published in the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Newsweek, Forbes, The Hill, Business Insider, National Review, Washington Examiner, Reason, the Richmond Times Dispatch, and the Virginian-Pilot, among other outlets. She was named to Forbes’s 30 under 30 list for 2018 in the category of law & policy. Follett earned a BA magna cum laude in government and English from the College of William & Mary, as well as an MA in foreign affairs from the University of Virginia, where she focused on international relations and political theory. She lives in Virginia with her husband and children.
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- Reviewed in the United States on October 30, 2023Format: KindleVerified PurchaseA great read for the positive hope of humankind.
Humans strive for liberty, freedom, and free
speech. That hope is built into our very being
at birth. This book hammers home the very
nature of our birthright.
Garland Johnson
- Reviewed in the United States on November 10, 2023Format: KindleVerified PurchaseAn entertaining book spanning the globe and human history. This author draws connections I had not thought of, some having enough validity to ponder awhile. Worthy of a smirk was the revelation that Manchester was originally called Mamucium for the same reason the Grand Tetons were so named.
There are occasional errors or misstatements: Brunelleschi designed only the dome of the Florence cathedral; Mozart was never really a pupil of Papa Haydn; the ENIAC [1946, not 1945] was the first American computer, sort of, preceded by England's Colossus and Konrad Zuse's Z4; the 1969 statements from Apollo 11 are reversed in order. Perhaps the Cato Institute ran short of fact checkers.
In the women's suffrage chapter, she asserts that male-dominated areas enticed females by providing the vote, then uses Utah as an example; but there were more women than men in Mormon country, a problem that was solved by the convenient practice of polygamy.
She might have mentioned that London's zeal toward exterminating slavery was a bit clouded by England's continued buying of Dixie cotton, much like the Roman Catholic Church decrying the abhorrent practice of castrating promising young singers but continuing to use castrati in their choirs.
Quite astonishing was the assertion that Hong Kong thrived under liberal policies, which are then explained by channeling Ronald Reagan's philosophy.
It was disappointing to read the author's attempt to champion Kennedy's tarnished luster at the Berlin wall (which was much higher than six feet); had Khrushchev regarded JFK as a strong president there would have been no wall or missiles in Cuba.
It was curious to witness the author tap-dancing around Tokyo's post-WWII economic miracle without mentioning General Douglas MacArthur.
The book could have included more (or fewer) cities, but every history teacher has to decided where to draw the line so I have no bone to pick about the omission of a few of my favorite locations: Venice, Constantinople, Boston, Jerusalem.
I appreciate having some genteel ready-made questions for discussion. If I present this book to my book club, I have a few saltier queries to pose.
I look forward to a sequel on Centers of Regression (San Francisco, Oakland, Seattle, Portland, Baltimore) which could point the way to avoiding some catastrophic policies of modern America.
- Reviewed in the United States on September 21, 2023Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseAn engrossing overview of the places that built the modern world that will appeal to lovers of history and travel alike. I now want to visit several of the cities in the book. A delightful read.
- Reviewed in the United States on January 14, 2025Format: PaperbackWhile an interesting idea to take 40 great cities from around the world and pair them with 40 "innovations", it does not actually hold together.
I put innovations in quotes because it may have been more successful to write about the innovations and how they progressed across the world, yes, touching those cities. As is, these end up being 40 disjointed papers that are more about city histories than they are about progress. Most of each chapter has nothing to do with the asserted innovation. When on topic, the book is riddled with speculation - "may have", "has been argued", "thought to have been", ...
What made me finally give up seriously reading the book and instead cherry picking chapters and just skimming the rest was the dogged formula applied to each chapter: An innovation assertion; UNESCO statement; when constructed; physical features; history unrelated to the innovation; "if you could have visited ..."; rationalization linking the innovation to the city; how the innovation benefits us currently; ending with a restatement why "... [city] is a center of progress." The early chapters read like proposals for UNESCO research grants.
Overall, artificially imposing the 1-to-1 city to-innovation framework fills the book with distracting rationalization and detracts from what would otherwise be a nice collection of city-centric historical abstracts.
- Reviewed in the United States on September 21, 2023Format: PaperbackThis book covers many cities that have not been emphasized nearly enough in most world histories I have read. It taught me so much about the importance of many urban centers that I hadn't studied much at all. The book is full of specific information I didn't know that is significant for understanding the progression of human civilization. Highly recommended!
- Reviewed in the United States on October 7, 2023Format: PaperbackA shockingly good anecdote to the pessimism infecting so much history scholarship these days.
It taught me a whole lot about the world which I didn't know.
- Reviewed in the United States on September 19, 2023Format: PaperbackPortugal opened sea navigation to India and Asia, discovered Brasil and a Portugese (Magellan) led the first navigation around the world. And yet, no mention of Lisbon / Sagres? Seville is a paltry excuse. A big hole in this work.
Top reviews from other countries
Amazon CustomerReviewed in Canada on April 25, 20245.0 out of 5 stars Great to see how much humanity has accomplished
Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseI really enjoyed this book. There is so much negative press when it comes to humanity lol. Although there are many problems it’s great to read a book that demonstrates how much humanity has accomplished and how much things have improved.
M.J.MajorReviewed in the United Kingdom on December 30, 20234.0 out of 5 stars This is for my grandson who hopes to study Economics at Univ. next year and is enjoying this book.
Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseA request for part of his Christmas present for my grandson. He is finding it very interesting and gives him information he has not received from other books on Economics.
C. K.Reviewed in Germany on April 19, 20254.0 out of 5 stars Interesting
Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseIt is an interesting book well written in easy language, giving some good insight about cities and their role in civilisation. Although it is a bit superficial, get interesting and good to read.






