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"Quakers and the American Family" is a useful study of the early Quaker settlers of Chester County, Pennsylvania and the nearby Welsh Tract.
Levy looks carefully at the role of early Pennsylvania Quaker women as religious and social ministers both at home and in the community, and also examines the Quaker norm of buying land for each offspring. It is his hypothesis that their focus on the family was the precursor of the later, much-touted, nineteenth century cult of domesticity.
The first third of the book is dense with British statistics describing the cultural and economic heritage of Pennsylvania's Quakers. Some of the conclusions Levy makes about the differences between Pennsylvania Quaker and New England Puritan families can, and probably will be, be contested.
The first generation Quakers had vivid memories of the dangers of poverty and prejudice. Levy tells us that in response to previous bad experiences, New World Quakers created a family-centered religious community that encouraged land purchases, social and economic clout, and a gracious lifestyle.
His study of the second and third generations shows that this same upward mobility eventually led to the tightening up of religious restrictions, purging of meeting members and fewer young people following the Quaker faith.
If social and cultural history, southeastern Pennsylvania, colonial Quaker or women's history is your bag, "Quakers and the American family" is a good place to begin.
Kim Burdick
Stanton, Delaware
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