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Dying to Forget: Oil, Power, Palestine, and the Foundations of U.S. Policy in the Middle East Hardcover – November 17, 2015

4.2 4.2 out of 5 stars 10 ratings

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Irene L. Gendzier presents incontrovertible evidence that oil politics played a significant role in the founding of Israel, the policy then adopted by the United States toward Palestinians, and subsequent U.S. involvement in the region. Consulting declassified U.S. government sources, as well as papers in the H.S. Truman Library, she uncovers little-known features of U.S. involvement in the region, including significant exchanges in the winter and spring of 1948 between the director of the Oil and Gas Division of the Interior Department and the representative of the Jewish Agency in the United States, months before Israel's independence and recognition by President Truman.

Gendzier also shows that U.S. consuls and representatives abroad informed State Department officials, including the Secretary of State and the President, of the deleterious consequences of partition in Palestine. Yet the attempt to reconsider partition and replace it with a UN trusteeship for Palestine failed, jettisoned by Israel's declaration of independence. The results altered the regional balance of power and Washington's calculations of policy toward the new state. Prior to that, Gendzier reveals the U.S. endorsed the repatriation of Palestinian refugees in accord with UNGA Res 194 of Dec. 11, 1948, in addition to the resolution of territorial claims, the definition of boundaries, and the internationalization of Jerusalem. But U.S. interests in the Middle East, notably the protection of American oil interests, led U.S. officials to rethink Israel's military potential as a strategic ally. Washington then deferred to Israel with respect to the repatriation of Palestinian refugees, the question of boundaries, and the fate of Jerusalem―issues that U.S. officials have come to realize are central to the 1948 conflict and its aftermath.
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Editorial Reviews

Review

By tying together the strands of oil and strategic interests in Saudi Arabia with the familiar narrative about the American relationship with Zionism, this book is a major contribution to our understanding of crucial events for the future of the Middle East. Gendzier provides revelations and fresh insights throughout. -- Rashid Khalidi, Columbia University

Drawing from a rich variety of sources, many previously untapped, Irene L. Gendzier provides a most valuable reinterpretation of the roots of U.S. policy towards Israel and the Palestinians. In particular, she shows convincingly that the crucial choice for planners was not 'oil versus Israel,' as commonly believed, but rather 'oil and Israel,' and demonstrates no less convincingly that the secrets of the past that she uncovers are intimately connected with 'the troubled present.' A very significant contribution. -- Noam Chomsky, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Present-day U.S. policy in the Middle East consists of contradictions wrapped in illusions propped up by hypocrisies. Gendzier traces those contradictions, illusions, and hypocrisies to a single point of origin: Washington's ill-fated response to the 'Palestine question' during the pivotal years from 1945 to 1949.
Dying to Forget is comprehensive, illuminating, and, above all, compelling―revisionism in the best sense of the term. -- Andrew J. Bacevich, author of Washington Rules: America's Path to Permanent War

In this fascinating, illuminating, and authoritative reconstruction of the complex evolution of U.S. policy toward the emergence of Israel, Gendzier tells a gripping story that displays extraordinary narrative skills as well as exhibiting her mastery of an astonishing range of scholarly materials. Although primarily a brilliant contribution to diplomatic history, this work is relevant to our understanding of the crucial interplay between Israeli diplomacy and oil geopolitics in the Middle East. -- Richard A. Falk, Princeton University

A Middle East scholar uncovers the post-World War II history of American policy in Palestine. From the beginning, it's been about oil.... compiling an almost bulletproof brief. Vital reading for those looking to understand, 65 years later, the origins of the continuing conflict in the Middle East. ―
Kirkus Reviews

Gendzier's thorough but dense account, best suited to the serious student of Middle East policy, is essential to any sophisticated understanding of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ―
Publishers Weekly

Making excellent use of the previously overlooked papers of Max Ball, who directed the Oil and Gas Division of the Department of the Interior, Gendzier methodically reveals the significant role that oil played in US calculations about the emerging State of Israel. ―
Middle East Journal

[A] thought-provoking read.... Highly recommended. ―
CHOICE

Gendzier shows an impressive command of far-ranging material. ―
Race and Class

About the Author

Irene L. Gendzier is professor emerita in the Department of Political Science at Boston University. She is also the author of Notes from the Minefield: United States Intervention in Lebanon and the Middle East, 1945–1958 and Frantz Fanon: A Critical Study, and she is a coeditor, with Richard Falk and Robert Lifton, of Crimes of War: Iraq.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Columbia University Press; With a new preface edition (November 17, 2015)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 432 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0231152884
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0231152884
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.6 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.9 x 1.3 x 9.1 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.2 4.2 out of 5 stars 10 ratings

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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on June 5, 2024
    Incredible book! Very much an academic level book and full of in depth info!
  • Reviewed in the United States on March 24, 2016
    This book is worthy as an academic paper or dissertation. Its research is very good. But its overall point is less clear since the discussion in the book keeps circling around in time. Still, there is enough inside to credibly show the rather boring and unremarkable fact that when Palestine exploded as a conflict in 1948, American policymakers and oil industry people were worried about oil because, well, there is lots of that stuff over there and it's critical to the modern industrialized world. It also is an important part of the USA's domestic industry and military operations. The book further tells that when the new State of Israel proved itself a victorious military powerhouse over 1948-1949, US policymakers began to do their ordinary dull job assignments as policymakers and tried to consider how Israel might fit into protecting the region and its oil from Soviet attack or control, or other supply destabilization.

    Nothing new or surprising there, but Gendzier does at least do a good turn in bringing out the details. Her discussion of the Interior Department's oil guy meeting with pre-state Israel emissary Epstein is interesting and revealing (though of nothing particularly history-bending).

    A stronger value of the book is its retelling and reinforcement of the 1948 Palestinian refugee issue, namely how the refugees were stampeded out and kept out despite even some brief early US counter-pressure on Israel, and how that development affected policy and perceptions then and its enduring effects on the Middle East drama through to today.

    Ultimately, however, there is not going to be a lot of fresh "there" there in this book. That is because concern about oil flow was hardly some secretive or irrational concern, especially right after World War II and just as in policymakers' eyes a new totalitarian global menace seemed to be expanding globally.

    More significantly, however, concentrating on that misses the boat. In the case of Palestine/Israel, the guiding concerns for US policy come from factors far different from oil flow concerns. These guiding concerns have been a) general enhanced sympathy to Jews post-Holocaust, b) admiration for Zionist communal developments in Palestine/Israel, and last but not least c) an active and increasingly prominent -- and increasingly Zionist -- American Jewish constituency. The relative non-decisiveness of the oil issue in the Palestine case, is illustrated by a fact reported in the book itself: the Interior Department oil guy could not get a visa for his own son-in-law from Palestine/later Israel to work on petroleum related issues. That is hardly the likely outcome for a participant in what is claimed to be a front-burner decisive issue of regional security and economic policy.

    Further, as the book notes, the Arab oil states needed America more than America needed them, since the main source of buying power revenue for the Arab oil states was US and Western currency. And pipeline revenue also mattered for other Arab states as well.

    The book may appeal best to the crowd that reflexively hiccups "It's about the oil, man!" on just about anything related to Middle Eastern US policy. That is often true but as a sweeping rule applied to the wrong issue, it is dehumanized knee-jerk Marxoidal nonsense. But such a view includes the perspective of key book-endorser Noam Chomsky who, along with many others, cannot concede the almost painfully obvious fact that while oil flow has been of course critical to American policy in the region in general, the specific policy regarding Palestine/Israel then and now is driven by other fluids. Those fluids are emotional hormonal fluids: particularly passions and prejudices over ethnicity, tribe, race and religion, rather than something as amenable to reason and sensible bargaining as the mining, shipment, and commerce of combustible hydrocarbons.
    4 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on March 18, 2016
    Excellent read. This book tells you what the propaganda desperately tries to hide. Thorough and scientific. My #1 recommendation if you seek a better understanding of the conflicts in the Middle East.
    2 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on December 16, 2016
    Excellent just like her book on Lebanon.
    One person found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on May 10, 2016
    For a contrary view see

    Dying to Forget the Israel Lobby?
    on CounterPunch <dot> org. See also my web site questionofpalestine <dot> net

    The book purports to be a major revisionist statement about Israel's "strategic value" to the US in the 1940s, against a large body of writing attesting to the paramount importance of the nascent Israel Lobby in this period. In my view the book's claims are based on omissions and exaggerations, and will not persuade anyone interested in the period. The paramount influence of the nascent Israel Lobby remains the story of the 1940s.
    2 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on March 4, 2016
    Irene Gendzier shows in, Dying to Forget, that the United States’ principle goal in the Middle East is “the protection of its . . . access and control of oil”. In pursuing this goal, which required containment of opposition against US oil interests in this region, the US supported the establishment and military development of a Jewish state, as well as accepted the expulsion/ethnic cleansing, terror, and death of Palestinians. Laments about how "complicated" things are in the Middle East are based on forgetting this simple fact: it's about oil!

    Numerous pages of detail not directly related to US oil interest and/or Palestine should have been summarized or omitted but, hey, nobody's perfect!