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Reform or Revolution and Other Writings (Dover Books on History, Political and Social Science) Paperback – July 21, 2006

by Rosa Luxemburg (Author)
4.8 4.8 out of 5 stars 279 ratings
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A polemic writing by the famous "Red Rosa" Luxemburg, Reform or Revolution (1899) explains why capitalism can never overcome its internal contradictions. An effective refutation of revisionist interpretations of Marxist doctrine, it defines the position of scientific socialism on the issues of social reforms, the state, democracy, and the character of the proletarian revolution.
Reform or Revolution opposes Edward Bernstein's revisionist theories, which rejected Marxism in favor of trade unionism and parliamentary procedures. Luxemburg offers articulate and reasoned objections to all of Bernstein's arguments. She defends the necessity for socialism, which provides an answer to the contradictions and inevitable crisis of the capitalist economy, along with a means for a transformation in working class consciousness. This essay remains a key explanation of why there can be no parliamentary road to socialism. It appears here together with Luxemburg's writings on "Leninism or Marxism," "The Mass Strike," and "The Russian Revolution."
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  1. Print length
    240 pages
  2. Language
    English
  3. Publisher
    Dover Publications
  4. Publication date
    July 21, 2006
  5. Dimensions
    5.5 x 0.49 x 8.58 inches
  6. ISBN-10
    0486447766
  7. ISBN-13
    978-0486447766
  8. See all details
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Top reviews from the United States

  • Peter Turner
    5.0 out of 5 stars One of the great minds of revolutionary thought
    Reviewed in the United States on January 10, 2015
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    One of the great minds of revolutionary thought. She was both brilliant and irreproachable in her principles.

    She understood how Marxism could be undermined and betrayed by the pressures of petit-bourgeois opportunism, and was clear and resolute in her opposition to that phenomenon and its logical result: social patriotism in an era of war.

    Her ideas are well suited for those who agree that Stalinism does not represent the logical progression of Leninism; but also feel Lenin, like all historical figures, should be subjected to measured criticism in light of the outcome of Russian history. Those who think Lenin was always consistent and infallible will not like her writings.
    19 people found this helpful
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  • Diogo B. P. Pinto
    5.0 out of 5 stars Amazing texts, I really mean it
    Reviewed in the United States on February 16, 2016
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    Amazing texts, I really mean it. It's fundamental to recognize Rosa as of critical importance to the construction of Socialism, not only for dismantling the reformist farce, but also for dismantling the dogma behind authoritarian ideologies that are wrongly called "Socialism". She effectively raises the need for a "power by the working class", in contrast with "power *over* the working class" as advocated by many marxist-leninist tendencies (specially stalinist ones).
    20 people found this helpful
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  • Bob Seidel
    5.0 out of 5 stars Important documents
    Reviewed in the United States on July 24, 2017
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    The volume includes several important pieces. "Reform or Revolution" is essential reading. So is "The Russian Revolution." Whether you agree or not with Luxemburg's critique of Bolshevik decisions, the issues she raised are certainly important.
    17 people found this helpful
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  • Josh F.
    5.0 out of 5 stars A great read
    Reviewed in the United States on April 12, 2020
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    Great read, I feel like overthrowing the bourgeoisie.
    24 people found this helpful
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  • James E. Egolf
    4.0 out of 5 stars Reform or Disaster
    Reviewed in the United States on May 30, 2016
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    This book is an anthology of Rosa Luxemburg's political writing.The essays reveal a feisty, idealistic woman who was also too hopeful.Rosa Luxemburg 1871-1919) had little patience with "revisionists" who thought that German socialism could be achieved by gradual reforms and the existing political system in Germany. While Luxemburg wrote about "historical necessity," she should have studied history closely and learned that her idealistic schemes were impossible

    Luxemburg opposed gradualism as a road to socialism. She thought that gradualism would corrupt any "pure" socialism. She had angry disputes with Eduar Bernstein (1850-1932) and Bebel (1840-1913). These disputes were political and at times personal. Luxemburg tried to revive Marx's and Engles' thinking to support her own views. Yet, even Marx and Engles were not sure how to launch a socialist revolution and even "mellowed" in their old age.

    On the other hand, Luxemberg effectively diagnosed international trade and "Big Capitalism." She argued that competition for markets could lead to armed conflict and war at the expense of those who would do the fighting and dying. In fact, Luxemburg asked in effect who dies and who benefits from economic competition that leads to war. Luxemburg also had interesting comments on international credit and who pays the bills.

    Luxemburg also had the notion that the Socialist Revolution was an "either or" situation. She figured that socialism should advance by mass revolution or collapse. Luxemburg had the audacity to criticize the Patron Saint of the Russian Revolution, Lenin (1870-1924). Luxemburg thought the errors committed by the mass revolution than the infallibility of the Bolshevik Central Committee. Luxemburg should have paid closer 19th. century Russian History. The Russian Populists tried to enlist the Russian masses to rebel which failed miserably. In fact, the Bolshevik Revolution was successful because Lenin & co. were well organized and used the Central Committee to resist threats to their revolution.

    Some of the questions that Luxemburg treated in Russian were the Nationalities Question and Women's Suffrage. Being an independent woman, readers can understand Luxemberg's concern about equal rights for women in a time of male domination. Luxemburg knew the possiblities of Russian nationalities undermining the Bolshevik Revolution.

    One of the political concepts that emerged from the French Revolution was that of Nationalism. The socialists hoped that the working classes would resist killing each other on battlefields. Luxemberg and other socialists learned that such a hope evaporated with carnage of World War I. This was unexpected by dedicated socialists.

    While Luxemburg criticized Bismarck's Anti-Socialist Laws (1878), she should have remembered that Bismarck sponsored workmen s' compensation laws, socialized medicine, and social security benefits. She should have understood that working classes were more concerned about benefits, safe working conditions, and higher wages and NOT revolution. Had Luxemburg lived long to learn the Stalin regime, she would have been appalled at the terrible living conditions in "The Workers' Paradise" and horrible purges and concentration camp brutality.

    While the undersigned was critical of Rosa Luxemburg's essays, he appreciated her optimism and even her idealism. Sometimes progress occurs because of "hopeless romantic idealism." Luxemburg should have known of William Penn's (1644-1718) remark that political systems are only as good the people in control.

    May 30, 2016

    James E. Egolf
    9 people found this helpful
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  • Erik B.
    5.0 out of 5 stars A clear, insightful call to revolutionary analysis and action, needed now more than ever
    Reviewed in the United States on December 30, 2016
    Excellent insights and analysis of political, economic and cultural conditions, originally applied to post-WW1 Germany, but more relevant than ever today. In a time of much anger, sadness and despair, this book offers a version of hope that offers a way forward, no matter how drastic the situation, through organization primarily around class lines (but her thinking on this is much more complex than this), while remaining deeply critical of liberal and what we'd now call "Scandinavian socialist" political programs (e.g. Bernie Sanders, as excited by his campaign as I was), and their inability to achieve true equality or end exploitation. Capitalism will inevitably decimate any reforms that get pushed through by these progressives when profits come on the line, so any politics without revolution as its ultimate goal will fail to win real lasting demands for the people. As unrealistic as revolution sounds, especially in America today, the tide is changing, and to paraphrase a socialist whose name I forget: there are years where nothing happens, and weeks where years happen. Surely before any revolution in history, it was still quite hard to imagine a revolution overthrowing the current political system. There will always be naysayers, "realists", "pragmatists", and the like, but pay them no mind: if they were right, we would still be living in small tribes hunting and gathering. Revolutions do happen. Not inevitable, not easily, and not overnight, but the power of workers united together is greater than the might and ruling elite could ever muster.

    Also less dry than other political writings of the time. And dispels illusions many people have about marxism/socialism is economic determinism being only concerned with race, and not race, gender, or sexuality (not that she talks about any of these at any length, but her analyses are anything but simplistic or reductive of everything to economics.

    There's not nearly enough women writers in the "canon" of socialist/marxist/anti-capitalist books - I'd recommend Caliban and the Witch by Silvia Federici Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation, a fascinating history of the horrific witch hunts and their fundamental role in the overthrow of feudalism and its bloody replacement capitalism, Clara Zetkin's selected writings Clara Zetkin: Selected Writings, and Angela Davis' Women, Race & Class, an excellent historical analysis of the titular 3, primarily of political and economic conditions America.
    11 people found this helpful
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  • richard curley
    4.0 out of 5 stars Four Stars
    Reviewed in the United States on March 3, 2018
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    Future read
    One person found this helpful
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  • Cliente Amazon
    5.0 out of 5 stars Luxemburgism all the way
    Reviewed in Brazil on June 29, 2017
    Verified Purchase
    A must to every marxist out therem specially Left Communist. Luxemburg is still up to date and her writings are amazing
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  • Adam I.
    5.0 out of 5 stars Relevent, affordable and easy to read. A high quality book.
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on September 14, 2018
    Verified Purchase
    This book, for a very low price, offers the bulk of rosa's most influential peices of work, covering her views on the german social democracy, her views on strikes, and her critiques of leninism. Excellent read, and well worth the price.
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  • Richard
    5.0 out of 5 stars Worth it.
    Reviewed in Australia on August 12, 2019
    Verified Purchase
    That's a good book for socialism reserch, but i don't like the front cover because it looks like a BDSM book... thats a little bit embrace
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  • Bartosz Scheller
    5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
    Reviewed in Canada on February 4, 2016
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    Rosa Luxemburg's writing is important in continuing expansion into Marxist thought.
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  • Alex
    5.0 out of 5 stars Great book
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on February 16, 2021
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    As described
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