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Adam, Eve, and the Serpent: Sex and Politics in Early Christianity Paperback – September 19, 1989
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"Confirms her reputation as both a scholar and a popular interpreter.... Continuously rewarding and illuminating." —The New York Times
How did the early Christians come to believe that sex was inherently sinful? When did the Fall of Adam become synonymous with the fall of humanity? What turned Christianity from a dissident sect that championed the integrity of the individual and the idea of free will into the bulwark of a new imperial order—with the central belief that human beings cannot not choose to sin? In this provocative masterpiece of historical scholarship Elaine Pagels re-creates the controversies that racked the early church as it confronted the riddles of sexuality, freedom, and sin as embodied in the story of Genesis. And she shows how what was once heresy came to shape our own attitudes toward the body and the soul.
- Print length189 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherVintage
- Publication dateSeptember 19, 1989
- Dimensions5.23 x 0.61 x 7.98 inches
- ISBN-100679722327
- ISBN-13978-0679722328
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"[Adam, Eve, and the Serpent] confirms her reputation as both a scholar and a popular interpreter.... Her book is continuously rewarding and illuminating." —The New York Times
"This virtuoso study may disquiet some readers and refresh other; the debate it opens is not likely to leave any reader unmoved." —The New Yorker
"Ms. Pagels has taken a complex and seemingly arcane subject and made it fascinating and accessible.... Any scholarly author who has ever tried to do that will recognize the brilliance of her achievement." —Wall Street Journal
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Product details
- Publisher : Vintage; Edition Unstated (September 19, 1989)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 189 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0679722327
- ISBN-13 : 978-0679722328
- Item Weight : 9.6 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.23 x 0.61 x 7.98 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #368,681 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #509 in History of Religions
- #1,488 in History of Christianity (Books)
- #1,920 in Christian Church History (Books)
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About the author

After receiving her doctorate from Harvard University in 1970, Elaine Pagels taught at Barnard College, Columbia University, where she chaired the department of religion. She is now the Harrington Spear Paine Professor of Religion at Princeton University. Professor Pagels is the author of several books on religious subjects and was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1981. She lives and teaches in Princeton, New Jersey.
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Customers find the book excellent, well-written, and outstanding. They appreciate the valuable insights and range of opinions that existed during the period. Readers describe the book as fascinating and a great look at an historical picture.
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Customers find the book excellent, interesting, and well-researched. They also say the author is outstanding, brilliant, and understandable to a general reader. Readers mention the writing style is succinct, controlled, and hypnotic.
"...Pagels has a succint, controlled writing style that is hypnotic. In just 154 pages, she covers a lot of ground...." Read more
"Excellent book about the origins of the Christian religion" Read more
"...She is intelligent, challenging, and somehow concise with such a deep and broad topic. Absolutely intriguing and enlightening...." Read more
"...this book was purchased as a required text for class, I thoroughly enjoyed the reading...." Read more
Customers find the book well-researched and scholarly. They say it's an interesting examination of the conflicting theologies of early Christianity.
"...and her strength in this book and others is to demonstrate the range and variety of opinions that existed during the period up to the Fifth Century...." Read more
"...She is intelligent, challenging, and somehow concise with such a deep and broad topic. Absolutely intriguing and enlightening...." Read more
"...Loved the information. Some people get all caught up in their beliefs of how religion is supposed to be...." Read more
"An interesting examination of the conflicting theologies of early Christianity and the reasons that Augustine's version won over the others...." Read more
Customers find the book extremely interesting and fascinating. They say it's a brief introduction to the world that shaped early Christians. Readers also mention the historical discussion holds their attention for hours.
""Adam, Eve, and the Serpent" is a brief, fascinating introduction to the world that shaped early Christian thought...." Read more
"...Absolutely intriguing and enlightening. And this is coming from a opposer of the faith." Read more
"Extremely interesting. Great perspective into the ever changing church views of 'right and wrong' throughout time periods." Read more
"...Very richly historical and well written. Very valuable resource." Read more
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In this book, she examines how one myth -- the story of the fall of Adam and Eve-- shaped different religious thinkers. Some, like Augustine, took it as an illustration of the inherantly sinful nature of people, and used the story to flesh out his highly influential beliefs about original sin. Other religious thinkers, like Gnostics, saw the myth as an allegory about the spirit (Eve) within the flesh (Adam) and even went so far to see the serpant as an early foreshadowing to Christ. The fall wasn't a bad thing -- it was an allegory of emerging spiritual consciousness.
Readers may be surprised to discover just how influential the Adam and Eve myth really was. For many under Roman rule, it was the first introduction to a notion of human equality-- all people were equal creations of God-- and a spark that lead to contemporary American concepts that "all men are created equal." (Just to be accurate, in both of these periods it was only men who were seen as equal, and no consideration was given to women, slaves, etc...) Pagels points out that an idea like this, which the American founding fathers took to be 'self-evident' is in fact an empirically unprovable concept, and philosophers like Aristotle would have found it absurd.
Elsewhere in the book, Pagels provides an interesting window into Christian attitudes about celibacy. I was surprised to learn a life of renunciation was seen as a freedom from the responsibilities of family life -- my modern mind was more trained to see it as a purely religious concept, not a practical one.
Pagels has a succint, controlled writing style that is hypnotic. In just 154 pages, she covers a lot of ground. I thoroughly enjoyed the book, and would be curious to see other treatments of the singular influence of certain Bible stories.
Every great story must have a villain and while some might assume in a work of this nature, dealing with views of freedom and sexuality in the early Christian church, that this would have to be the serpent in the title. However the real villain is none other than Saint Augustine, the towering landmark author of the Confessions and City of God, by his insistence on the doctrine of original sin and his ability to have all of his opponents branded as heretics set in motion a series of doctrinal innovations that have ensured that sexuality and human freedom are viewed with some suspicion if not hostility in the western tradition.
Pagels is an acknowledged expert on the early Christian church and her strength in this book and others is to demonstrate the range and variety of opinions that existed during the period up to the Fifth Century. It is clear in the case of the subject at hand that the "good guys" did not win. Augustine's opponents, the Pelagians were probably more rational and provide a doctrine that is more consistent not only with Bibilical scholarship, but also more intellectually honest. The same is true of Augustine's last opponent, Julian of Eclanum.
Augustine and indeed Saint Jerome (who was not above tampering with the text of the Bible in order to further his belief system) were, as Pagels demonstrates, able to seize the high road in their attempts to create a more highly codified Catholic church due in in large part to the stance that they took on human freedom with differed markedly with the Christian church that existed prior to the conversion of Constantine.
As an outlawed organization with different perspectives on all aspects of doctrine, the church was a recruiting ground for martyrs who went out of their way to achieve martyrdom (other members did not and successfully hid their beliefs, at least officially). This course of setting oneself in opposition to civic authorities, would be in marked contrast to the beliefs that were advocated by Augustine which proved so very useful in promoting and insisting on an orthodoxy that would calcify and impede the western imagination for the next 1,000 years.
Sexuality was a problematic aspect of the Christian tradition, with many, no less than Christ and St Paul taking a dismissive attitude towards it to it. This was because a sexual life was held to distract from matters spiritual. However, marriage and its endorsement by both the founder of Christian and his Apostle did not resolve questions for people longing for a vision of humanity that was devoid of all human experience.
Augustine went even further and insisted that sexuality was a reflection of original sin and that passion or as Augustine would have put it, "the sin of lust" was a sign of how the sin of Adam and Eve continued to be conveyed to each succeeding generation. This was done at conception and that all those people who were conceived through the normal process were somehow infected.
The ideas of Augustine continue to plague modern society and a continuation of these ideas are likely to provide further problems. As was noted by Julian of Eclanum, that man is very much a part of nature and that things that occur in nature are probably the natural order of things. The picture of man as a person eager to obey church authorities, no matter what nonsense they were spouting, who was also eager to be more free by refraining from sexual activity strikes the modern reader as somewhat unnatural and more reflective of the kinks in Augustine's world view. Strictly speaking, the adjectives "perversion" and "unnatural" could be most readily applied to the beliefs advocated successfully by the author of "City of God" than the most debased libertine.
It is interesting to see the work and the mendacity that went into the establishment of many of these doctrinal questions associated with human freedom and sexuality. Pagels shows just how painful these arguments are framed. Augustine even takes the step of arguing that freedom is slavery (anticipating the dystopian vision of George Orwell in 1984). The relevancy of these positions arrived at before the scientific revolution is therefore questionable. Probably the most backward student in an elementary health class has a better understanding of the mechanics of human sexuality than did the most learned person cited by Pagels. That people would and still do insist on these positions demonstrates both a fear of the true nature of man and an insistence of preserving an intellectually bankrupt approach to central facets of the human condition.
This book should be required reading since it is part of the vast body of work that has enabled the West to overcome the treacheries of its Dark Age past and to move it closer to a humanist vision for society. A humanist is, as a wit once observed, anyone who believes that there is more to life than chastity, dying of plague and being repressed by unscrupulous church authorities. Augustine would surely be horrified by the notion.
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Needless to say, if it had been ancient times, I would most surely have been stoned, as it happened I was told to stop my nonsense, shut up, accused of being a pagan and unchristian.
So there you have it, righteousness flourishes and kills discussion, and the seeking of truth and knowledge. As I was silenced by my own Christian congregation, what hope is there for any of us to seek knowledge AND SHARE !! Obviously none. Dear God we surely do live in the dark ages of ignorance and unknowing. Many would be well advised to eat from the tree of knowledge, and perhaps our eyes would be opened, but it is not going to happen. We are forever doomed to remain ignorant, imprisoned within the bonds of the interpretation of scripture by our Christian leaders, for ever and ever, amen.








