Bjørn Lomborg is a Danish author and former director of the Danish government's Environmental Assessment Institute (EAI) in Copenhagen.
He wrote in the Preface to this 1998 book, “The idea for this book was born in a bookstore … [in] 1997. I was … leafing through Wired magazine and read an interview with the American economist Julian Simon… He maintained that … Our doomsday conceptions of the environment are not correct. Simon stressed that he used only official statistics, which everyone … can use to check his claims. I was provoked. I’m an old left-wing Greenpeace member… At the same time I teach statistics, and it should therefore be easy for me to check Simon’s sources…. I had never really questioned my own belief in an ever deteriorating environment---and here was Simon, telling me to put my beliefs under the statistical microscope…
“I held a study group of ten of my sharpest students, where we tried to examine Simon thoroughly… And yes, not everything he said was correct, but---contrary to our expectations… a surprisingly large amount of his points stood up to scrutiny… I asked myself why I was so definitely convinced that the environmental situation is bad and ever deteriorating… if I was wrong… I was probably not the only one… one of the leading Danish newspapers… suggested that I write some articles… that gave rise to one of the biggest Danish debates… I am not myself an expert as regards environmental problems. My aim has rather been to give a description of the approaches to the problems… The key idea is that we ought not to let the environmental organizations, business lobbyists or the media be alone in presenting truths and priorities. Rather, we should strive for a careful democratic check on the environmental debate.”
In the first chapter, he explains, “this book plays to our general understanding of the environment: the Litany of our ever deteriorating environment. This is the view of the environment … that confront[s] us each day on television, in the newspapers, in political statements…” (Pg. 3) He notes, “this book has an unusually large number of notes… for me the most important thing is that there is no doubt about the credibility of my sources. For this reason most of the statistics I use come from official sources, which are widely accepted by the majority of people involved in the environmental debate.” (Pg. 30-31) He continues, “My motives for writing this book are neither evil nor covert… democracy functions better if everyone has access to the best possible information. It cannot be in the interest of our society for debate about such a vital issue as the environment to be based more on myth than on truth.” (Pg. 32)
He summarizes, “We are not running out of energy or natural resources. There will be more and more food per head of the world’s population. Fewer and fewer people are starving. In 1900 we lived for an average of 30 years; today we live for 70. According to the UN we have reduced poverty more in the last 50 years than we did in the preceding 500… Global warming… is almost certainly taking place, but the typical cure of early and radical fossil fuel cutbacks is way worse than the original affliction, and moreover its total impact will not pose a devastating problem for our future. Nor will we lose 25-50 percent of all species in our lifetime… Acid rain does not kill the forests, and the air and water around us are becoming less and less polluted… But note carefully … I am saying … that mankind’s lot has VASTLY IMPROVED. This does not, however, mean that everything is GOOD ENOUGH.” (Pg. 4)
He states, “We have been told… that… we can’t feed the world. But… On practically EVERY count, humankind is now better nourished… The proportion of starving people has fallen from 35 percent to 18 percent… There is, however, still a lot to be done … Africa needs to get back on its feet and produce far more food… We have an obligation to ensure that these conditions are improved by means of international cooperation. China is a good example of how this can be done…” (Pg. 67) Later, he adds, “But even Africa is still better off than it was at the beginning of the twentieth century., with better nutrition, higher incomes and better schooling.” (Pg. 87)
He acknowledges, however, that “it is correct that global growth rates in yields have been declining for rice, wheat, and corn, which make up almost 50 percent of the world’s calorie intake.” (Pg. 96) And “Countries such as Nigeria and Madagascar have admittedly lost well over half their original rainforest, and Central America may have lost 50-70 percent. But overall, they are only home to about 5 percent of the world’s tropical forest.” (Pg. 114) He admits, “It is estimated that 43 percent of American energy use is wasted… [and] we could save anywhere from 50 percent to 94 percent of our home energy consumption.” (Pg. 125) Plus, “nuclear power also produces waste materials that remain radioactive for many years… (some beyond 100,000 years)… the use of nuclear power in many countries also poses a potential security problem.” (Pg. 129)
He suggests, “we need to manage water more carefully, price it realistically and accept a movement away from self-reliance in food production in the arid parts of the world… We have sufficient water, but we need to manage it better… We need to stop mining groundwater.” (Pg. 157)
He points out, :in the US, the total number of car miles traveled has more than doubled over the past 30 years… Nevertheless, over the same period emissions have decreased by a third and concentrations much more… air pollution can be---and historically has been---combated and developed in the developed world. There is also good reason to belief that the developing world, following our pattern … will bring down its air pollution.” (Pg. 177)
He observes, “Air pollution has got worse in the developing world, mainly because of the strong economic growth. However, the developing countries are really just making the same tradeoffs as the developed countries made 100-200 years ago… the environment and economic prosperity are not opposing concepts, but rather complementary entities: without adequate environmental protection, growth is undermined, but environmental protection is unaffordable without growth. It is thus reasonable to expect that as the developing countries of the world achieve higher levels of income, they will… opt for and be able to afford an ever cleaner environment.” (Pg. 210)
He notes, “The dramatic loss of biodiversity, expressed in the 40,000 species a year [extinction rate], is a dramatic figure…. It has become part of our environmental Litany. But it … conflicts with both observation and careful modeling. Of course, losing 25-200 percent of all species would be a catastrophe by any standards. However, losing 0.7 percent per 50 years over a limited time span is not a catastrophe for a problem---one of many mankind still needs to solve. Facing these facts is important when we have to make tough choices where to do the most good with our limited resources.” (Pg. 257)
He admits, “The ozone depletion was caused by man. Already in 1974, two researchers … suggested that the so-called chlorofluorocarbons could be breaking down the ozone layer. Much research has later confirmed this basic link… The case of the depleted ozone layer and the solution through restrictive protocols is seen as a success story, in which the world community finally pulled itself together and put the environment before money… However, it is worth pointing out that the implementation of the CFC ban … was actually relatively cheap to find substitutes… and at the same time the advantages were quite clear-cut.” (Pg. 273-274)
He asserts, “Of course we would prefer to be without the anthropogenic greenhouse effect, but the phenomenon is not something we can just wish away. If global warming is coming we must pay the bill---and then the central question is just how small we can keep this bill… The optimal policy … saves us about 5 percent of the total cost of global warming… Global stabilization of CO2 emissions, on the other hand, is fare more costly. In this case the cost will be about $8.5 trillion, or almost twice the cost of global warming itself.” (Pg. 310)
He acknowledges, “The final objection to optimal investment in global warming is that we may want to pay more in order to reduce the risk of an eventual catastrophe. It is actually possible that global warming will lead to other dramatic and chaotic changes in the climate system. Worries have long been expressed about melting the polar ice caps, and especially the West Antarctic Ice Sheet… Nonetheless it can be argued that we are scared enough about the thought of a potential catastrophe to want a reduction of more than the optimal 11 percent—that we are willing to buy a little extra insurance, so to speak.” (Pg. 315-316)
He concludes, “We must take care of the problems, prioritize reasonably, but not worry unduly… mankind’s lot as vastly improved in every significant measurable field and … is likely to continue to do so… Many people are still stuck with the Litany and have a mental image of children growing up with a shortage of food and water, and with pollution, acid rain and global warming. But the image is a mixture of our own prejudices and a lack of analysis. Thus, this is the very message of this book: children born today… will live longer and be healthier, they will get more food, a better education, a higher standard of living ,more leisure time and far more possibilities---without the global environment being destroyed. And that is a beautiful world.” (Pg. 351-352)
Although controversial (among environmentalists, at least), this book will be of great interest to anyone seriously studying environmental issues.
The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Real State of the World 1st Edition
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"This is one of the most valuable books on public policy - not merely on environmental policy - to have been written for the intelligent general reader in the past ten years. The Skeptical Environmentalist is a triumph."
The Economist
"… a superbly documented and readable book."
The Wall Street Journal
"… it is a surprise to meet someone who calls himself an environmentalist but who asserts that things are getting better … Strange to say, the author of this happy thesis is not a steely-eyed economist at a conservative Washington think tank but a vegetarian, backpack-toting academic who was a member of Greenpeace for four years … The primary target of the books, a substantial work of analysis with almost 3000 footnotes, are statements made by environemtal organizations like the Worldwatch Institute, the World Wildlife Fund and Greenpeace. He refers to the persistently gloomy fate from these groups as the Litany, a collection of statements that he argues are exaggerations or outright myths."
The New York Times
"The Skeptical Environmentalist should be read by every environmentalist, so that the appalling errors of fact the environmental movement has made in the past are not repeated. A brilliant and powerful book."
Matt Ridley, author of Genome
"Lomborg pulls off the remarkable feat of welding the techno-optimism of the Internet age with a lefty's concern for the fate of the planet."
Rolling Stone
"Bjørn Lomborg is an outstanding representative of the 'new breed' of political scientists - mathematically-skilled and computer-adept. In this book he shows himself also to be a hardheaded, empirically oriented analyst. Surveying a vast amount of data and taking account of a wide range of more and less informed opinion about environmental threats facing the planet, he comes to a balanced assessment of which ones are real and which are over-hyped. In vigorous and what needs not to be done about those turning out to be pseudo-problems."
Jack Hirshleifer, University of California, Los Angeles
"Bjørn Lomborg raises the important question whether the costs of remedying the damage caused by environmental pollution are higher than the costs of the pollution itself. The answer is by no means straightforward. He has written a pioneering book."
Richard Rosecrance, University of California, Los Angeles
"When Lomborg concludes that 'the loss of the world's rainforests, of fertile agricultural land, the ozone layer and of the climate balance are terrible' I agree. But we also need debate, and this book provides us with that in generous amounts, incl 2428 footnotes. If you, like I do, belong to the people who dare to think the world is making some progress, but always with mistakes to be corrected, this book makes important reading."
Lars Kristoferson, Secretary General, WWF Sweden
"… probably the most important book on the environment ever written."
booksonline
"Lomborg is right on his points, that his critique of much green activism and its reporting in the media is just, and, above all, that where there is room for disagreement, Mr Lomborg invites and facilitates discussion, rather than seeking to silence it."
The Economist
The Economist
"… a superbly documented and readable book."
The Wall Street Journal
"… it is a surprise to meet someone who calls himself an environmentalist but who asserts that things are getting better … Strange to say, the author of this happy thesis is not a steely-eyed economist at a conservative Washington think tank but a vegetarian, backpack-toting academic who was a member of Greenpeace for four years … The primary target of the books, a substantial work of analysis with almost 3000 footnotes, are statements made by environemtal organizations like the Worldwatch Institute, the World Wildlife Fund and Greenpeace. He refers to the persistently gloomy fate from these groups as the Litany, a collection of statements that he argues are exaggerations or outright myths."
The New York Times
"The Skeptical Environmentalist should be read by every environmentalist, so that the appalling errors of fact the environmental movement has made in the past are not repeated. A brilliant and powerful book."
Matt Ridley, author of Genome
"Lomborg pulls off the remarkable feat of welding the techno-optimism of the Internet age with a lefty's concern for the fate of the planet."
Rolling Stone
"Bjørn Lomborg is an outstanding representative of the 'new breed' of political scientists - mathematically-skilled and computer-adept. In this book he shows himself also to be a hardheaded, empirically oriented analyst. Surveying a vast amount of data and taking account of a wide range of more and less informed opinion about environmental threats facing the planet, he comes to a balanced assessment of which ones are real and which are over-hyped. In vigorous and what needs not to be done about those turning out to be pseudo-problems."
Jack Hirshleifer, University of California, Los Angeles
"Bjørn Lomborg raises the important question whether the costs of remedying the damage caused by environmental pollution are higher than the costs of the pollution itself. The answer is by no means straightforward. He has written a pioneering book."
Richard Rosecrance, University of California, Los Angeles
"When Lomborg concludes that 'the loss of the world's rainforests, of fertile agricultural land, the ozone layer and of the climate balance are terrible' I agree. But we also need debate, and this book provides us with that in generous amounts, incl 2428 footnotes. If you, like I do, belong to the people who dare to think the world is making some progress, but always with mistakes to be corrected, this book makes important reading."
Lars Kristoferson, Secretary General, WWF Sweden
"… probably the most important book on the environment ever written."
booksonline
"Lomborg is right on his points, that his critique of much green activism and its reporting in the media is just, and, above all, that where there is room for disagreement, Mr Lomborg invites and facilitates discussion, rather than seeking to silence it."
The Economist
Book Description
A controversial, wide ranging and clearly documented survey of the state of the global environment.
About the Author
Bjørn Lomborg is an Associate Professor of Statistics in the Department of Political Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark. He has published in international journals in the fields of game theory and computer simulations. He has given invited lectures on the subjects discussed in The Skeptical Environmentalist in leading universities in North America and Europe following the success of the original Danish edition which has had a significant impact on the terms of the environmental debate within Scandinavia.
Product details
- ASIN : 0521010683
- Publisher : Cambridge University Press; 1st edition (September 10, 2001)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 540 pages
- ISBN-10 : 9780521010689
- ISBN-13 : 978-0521010689
- Item Weight : 2.38 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.69 x 1.22 x 9.61 inches
-
Best Sellers Rank:
#177,509 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #36 in Environmental Engineering (Books)
- #101 in Environmental Studies
- Customer Reviews:
Customer reviews
4.7 out of 5 stars
4.7 out of 5
481 global ratings
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Reviewed in the United States on January 20, 2020
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Reviewed in the United States on April 24, 2017
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Great information but the delivery is a bit too dry and conclusionary info is hard to compile. The value of the book would be enhanced with the addition of a framing exercise for each topic. Lomborg does a great job of demonstrating his knowledge of both the scientific data and cultural influences on a host of environmental topics but not many readers will get through the information and make it part of their defense arsenal. I am surprised Lomborg's publisher did not insist on a change of format in that a common language summary page should have been inserted at the opening of each chapter and/topic to allow the lay reader to frame the material to come. Skepticism of human influence or consequence on environmental topics is often met with anger and a barrage of ad hominem attacks or (maybe worse) condescending disbelief. Faulty data fuels the passion of the maniacal and nothing quells that passion like carefully presented accurate information. The art of counter argument is brevity and accuracy. It would have been nice if the author had helped the reader prepare. An expert is just a data resource. A leader prepares others to use it.
10 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on January 8, 2020
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I loved all the objective, numbers-based analysis of basically all topics that are generally perceived as the worlds biggest problems. It tells you how the world really is, and also touches on why there is so much wrong information out there.
It is a long, detailed read, so be ready for that. But it was exactly having all the sources and analysis open to me which enabled me to trust the conclusions. I have since recommended this book to several people.
The one niggle I have is that sometimes the explanation of some of the reasoning was not always as clear as it could be, even though I did understand the intent.
It is a long, detailed read, so be ready for that. But it was exactly having all the sources and analysis open to me which enabled me to trust the conclusions. I have since recommended this book to several people.
The one niggle I have is that sometimes the explanation of some of the reasoning was not always as clear as it could be, even though I did understand the intent.
4 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on October 14, 2019
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This is a very rational and reasonable analysis of global warming and our reactions to it, and of the many doomsday forecasts we have received about the world's food production, rain forests, water ways, and air--and of how we should really approach our worries and problems. Darnell Clevenger, author of Cultural & Political Opinions 2016-2019
2 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on February 2, 2020
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If you have been following the mainstream media they would have you think we are all going to die next week. In this book you will see the author set out to bolster such a claim and.....no, shall not spoil it for you. Get it, read it, and draw your own conclusions. You have a brain. Use it.
2 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on April 22, 2017
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We need more of Lomborg's kind of thinking. Dispassionate exposition of undeniable data, bravely swimming against the stream of popular thinking, only because that's where the facts lead.
Honest, no hint of his having a self minded agenda.
Frightening in how it reveals how poorly we as a society think about important issues. Sobering.
Honest, no hint of his having a self minded agenda.
Frightening in how it reveals how poorly we as a society think about important issues. Sobering.
13 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on September 16, 2020
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For once, a non-partisan outline of the environment, what is happening and what do we know. I would urge anyone who has an interest in learning about the planet and its ecology to read this book.
2 people found this helpful
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Philip M
5.0 out of 5 stars
A brilliant, powerful book, and a balanced assessment of reality versus hype.
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on March 5, 2019Verified Purchase
According to TIME Magazine, Lomborg is one of 100 most influential people in the world, one of the 75 most influential people of the 21st century according to Esquire magazine, and one of the 50 people who could save the planet according to the UK Guardian.
Reading this book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, one can understand why. His ability to analyse vast quantities of data from research, the media and campaigning organisations (including the massive IPCC reports) is breathtaking. His skill in extracting patterns from data to reveal the real world behind the research is remarkable. He shows us using irrefutable research data that in reality the world is actually so much better than we are lead to believe by alarmist propagandists and the media – what Lomborg calls “The Litany”.
He tackles a wide range of human welfare concerns, from life expectancy and health, through food and hunger to prosperity. He then deals with energy, de-forestation, water, pollution, fears about chemicals – and finally global warming. Lomborg tests each case to verify whether the problems are based on fact or myth, and then offers alternatives to how best to deploy resources and funding.
Surprisingly, almost every case is shown to be based on monumental misunderstandings, myths or alarmist misinformation. He repeatedly demonstrates how much better off we are in every respect than any of our predecessors. And finally, he offers sound alternatives to how we could better spend on money to continue improving the welfare of the global population.
I found The Skeptical Environmentalist to be a truly uplifting book, convincingly demonstrating how much better our world is than I thought it was!
Reading this book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, one can understand why. His ability to analyse vast quantities of data from research, the media and campaigning organisations (including the massive IPCC reports) is breathtaking. His skill in extracting patterns from data to reveal the real world behind the research is remarkable. He shows us using irrefutable research data that in reality the world is actually so much better than we are lead to believe by alarmist propagandists and the media – what Lomborg calls “The Litany”.
He tackles a wide range of human welfare concerns, from life expectancy and health, through food and hunger to prosperity. He then deals with energy, de-forestation, water, pollution, fears about chemicals – and finally global warming. Lomborg tests each case to verify whether the problems are based on fact or myth, and then offers alternatives to how best to deploy resources and funding.
Surprisingly, almost every case is shown to be based on monumental misunderstandings, myths or alarmist misinformation. He repeatedly demonstrates how much better off we are in every respect than any of our predecessors. And finally, he offers sound alternatives to how we could better spend on money to continue improving the welfare of the global population.
I found The Skeptical Environmentalist to be a truly uplifting book, convincingly demonstrating how much better our world is than I thought it was!
8 people found this helpful
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Tom Wallace
2.0 out of 5 stars
of most interest (and controversy) is his claim that humanity would be economically better off by adapting to climate change rather than trying ...
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on May 22, 2018Verified Purchase
Mostly a statistical analysis of world issues, such as hunger, wealth, healthcare, food supply, energy and raw materials. A lot of the information is probably not too controversial. The information of concern is that Lomborg challenges some of the figures to do with deforestation and species extinction, as well as being somewhat sceptical over the evidence for climate change. Also, of most interest (and controversy) is his claim that humanity would be economically better off by adapting to climate change rather than trying to reverse it. This view in particular pays little regard to the wider ecology of the planet and indeed to future human generations, who will have to finance much of the clean-up.
9 people found this helpful
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Carno Polo
5.0 out of 5 stars
refreshing approach to the problem of our environment
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 12, 2012Verified Purchase
This book is refreshing reading. To start, the title: skepticism is de rigueur in trying to understand scientific problems. Any scientific problem. Most self proclaimed environmentalists, however, are not skeptical enough. They always assume that the worst possible scenario is the most likely. They always make an environmental problem, any problem, to appear the most pressing of all. They, in other words, recite the "Litany" to which Lomborg refers. As a result, resources are not optimally allocated to address the real environmental problems, choices are not made in a rational way, and time, money and lives are lost.
Lomborg does NOT argue there is no environmental problem. He says there is. What he does convincingly argue is that, overall, humanity is going in the right direction in addressing them. Maybe not in an ideal way, surely mistakes have been made, but things are, all in all, better today thany they have ever been, and they are improving. Whether it's nutrition, medicine, the quality of the air we breath and the water we drink, housing, schooling, etc. we wre going to leave to our children a better world than the one we inherited from our fathers.
I am not arguing (I could not, possibly) that Lomborg is always right in his many arguments. Surely his statistics can be, and have been, questioned. However he proves that the Litany we have become accustomed to hear is both wrong and counterproductive in addressing the real problems of our environment.
Lomborg does NOT argue there is no environmental problem. He says there is. What he does convincingly argue is that, overall, humanity is going in the right direction in addressing them. Maybe not in an ideal way, surely mistakes have been made, but things are, all in all, better today thany they have ever been, and they are improving. Whether it's nutrition, medicine, the quality of the air we breath and the water we drink, housing, schooling, etc. we wre going to leave to our children a better world than the one we inherited from our fathers.
I am not arguing (I could not, possibly) that Lomborg is always right in his many arguments. Surely his statistics can be, and have been, questioned. However he proves that the Litany we have become accustomed to hear is both wrong and counterproductive in addressing the real problems of our environment.
5 people found this helpful
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Captain Sensible
2.0 out of 5 stars
Found it difficult to get into
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on September 18, 2019Verified Purchase
There was something about the layout and writing style that made it difficult ti engage with. I found myself skipping large patts to get to the end.
One person found this helpful
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Herbert E. Martin
5.0 out of 5 stars
A must read especially now.
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on October 22, 2019Verified Purchase
Great book! A must read for anyone interested in the real state of the environment.
One person found this helpful
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