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Fighting Identity: Sacred War and World Change (The Changing Face of War)
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This work highlights a national ethos infused by a sacred narrative of divine mission. This deep association leads to a narrow approach to conflict relationships, built around an Us vs. Them distance from the enemy, in which their submission is achieved through kinetic effects and their subsequent redemption through our good works (reconstruction). Vlahos contends that America's difficult engagement in the Muslim world demonstrates urgently that different operational approaches and tactics (like counterinsurgency) are not enough. Alternative paradigms of strategic engagement are needed, but their very consideration requires deeper cultural rethinking about how we assess world change and other cultures, and how our national ethos makes war.
Why are terrorists and insurgents we fight so formidable? Their strength - and our vulnerability - is in identity. Clausewitz knew that geist (spirit) was always stronger than the material: identity is power in war. But how can non-state actors face up to nation states? The answer is in globalization. This is the West's 3rd globalization. Two centuries of intense mixing has torn down old ways of life and created a growing demand for new belonging. There is also a decline in US universalism. America's vision as history's anointed prophet and manager is now competing head-to-head with renewed universal visions. Like Late Antiquity and the High Middle Ages our globalization begins to subside. We may be in the later days of American modernity. We can see this worldwide, as emerging local communities within states and meta-movements find their voice - through conflict and war. Identities struggling for realization are always the most powerful. Add the diffusion of new technology and new practice, and even the poorest and seemingly most primitive group can now make war against those on high. They are successful because of a symbiotic fit between old states and new identities. Increasingly, old societies no longer find identity-celebration in war - while non-state identities embrace the struggle for realization. Hence non-state wars with America become a mythic narrative for them. Our engagement actually helps them realize identity - and we become the midwife. This book offers another path to deal with non-state challenges, one that does not further weaken us.
- ISBN-100313348456
- ISBN-13978-0313348457
- PublisherPraeger
- Publication dateDecember 30, 2008
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6.14 x 0.62 x 9.21 inches
- Print length260 pages
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- Reviewed in the United States on June 17, 2009Reading `Fighting Identity, Sacred War and World Change' by Professor Michael Vlahos stirred several emotions within me. The book is written with not only a profound personal and scholarly knowledge of the U.S. military as it exists today but with a well honed appreciation for history ancient and modern. As I sit here trying to write this review, I am having some difficulty coming to terms with the many jolts of emotional turmoil and honest self analysis, and I am laid bare. For you see, I was one of the few who sat in the audience with Prof. Vlahos together with my fellow Naval War College classmates during the showing of the movie `300'. I completely identified with the 300 Spartans defending their homes, their families, and most importantly, their belief in the sacred oath that is America.
As Prof. Vlahos writes, the symbolism of the movie `300', accurately depicts in the simplest of terms, the motivations and religious fervor that accompany a devotion to country, to service before self, that appears so foreign to much of America. The movie was in a very real sense a religious experience. The emotional and passionate symbolism is so profound that it expands consciousness and washes over you warming the soul as the sun breaking out from a cloud. To not only believe but to really know that there ARE ideas and causes that ARE worth sacrificing and dying for. For those who have worshiped and suffered at the Alter of Liberty, God and Country are synonymous. As John Stuart Mills writes, "War is an ugly thing, but not the ugliest of things." With a depth of historical and anthropological context seldom seen, this book accurately identifies the decayed and degraded state of our `Sacred Identity'. The enemy is us and we have met the enemy.
As a recalled reservist for the War on Terror serving most recently in OIF as a member of a Marine Corps detachment, I have breathed the intensity of `God, Country, Corps'. I identify with Vlahos' Tribal Confederacy of Defense'. The men and women that I serve with epitomize Vlahos' described 2nd America, those of us who have committed to a solemn vow to `defend the Constitution against all enemies, both foreign and domestic'. "We few, we happy few, we band of brothers".
But in a larger sense, I fear that the `gathering hunting bands' that make up the Tribal Confederacy of Defense are becoming disillusioned and with disillusionment comes anger and defiance. As a member of the Warrior class and a proud member of the Tribal Confederacy of Defense, I understand what history has shown, that a house divided against itself cannot stand for long. Prophetically, this book is a must read for all citizens who truly believe that "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth".
- Reviewed in the United States on June 2, 2009Michael Vlahos's Fighting Identity is brilliant and a wonderful examination of identity. His effort to bridge the gap between history and anthropology is an important contribution to our understanding of reality,
although I am not convinced that the steps you develop present a real methodology for moving forward and for others to follow in your steps - but your work on this is an invitation for others to follow.
I also think that the US efforts at counter-insurgency are doomed for
failure. The issue, as you more or less say but that I am saying here in my
words, is that counter-insurgency is still within a framework of fighting
and winning. My military friends see it as the tactic for winning - which
to me defeats the whole purpose. Like you said, the US misses the
opportunity to meet and build relationships with the "enemy." Until the US
becomes the nation that wants to build peace with justice throughout the
world . . .
Your grasp of history and military history is phenomenal - as is your
ability to find the right story to match the right place in your book. I
love it when writers can make history come alive, as you do. I think that
you have the right amount of Iraqi suffering and what they are experiencing
and how they are still not becoming devoted followers of the radical
elements of Islam or the concept of re-establishing the Caliphate.
I am wrestling with the concept of the 300 (I have not seen the movie) and
the 30 million who comprise the military tribal confederacy of the US. I
think that you are on to something important but I am not sure I completely
buy it - although I am well on the way. I think you describe this as a
reality but not as a conspiracy - it is not like some evil mind (or minds)
came up with this plot - it rather just evolved and has taken on an
insatiable appetite and demand all on its own.
Wayne Lavender, Ph.D. Candidate, School of Public Policy, George Mason University
- Reviewed in the United States on June 19, 2009Michael Vlahos is renowned for his insightful and innovative ideas - and this book is a wonderful example of them. It is also written beautifully. As someone who has been trying to understand both adversaries and ourselves from cultural, cognitive and historic perspectives, I really value Dr Vlahos's penetrating insights. Many of us have asked ourselves about the motivations of foreign fighters and terrorists, and while we have been able to give some fairly good answers, the concept of "sacred identity...the identity that is so willing to sacrifice" opens up an entirely new area for research and thought.
One of the aspects of the book that I found very welcome and refreshing is that Dr Vlahos examines Us as well as Them. As a nation, we are not very introspective, and are therefore not very aware of how our epistemology, our way of thinking and our culture affects our perceptions and our responses to others. We often use Sun Tzu's words about knowing our enemy and knowing ourselves, but we don't usually put the "knowing ourselves" part into practice.
Some of Dr Vlahos's conclusions and recommendations may not resonate with many people in Congress and the Department of Defense, but they are worth thinking about. Above all, they offer some very interesting avenues for further research, and I would like to see a sequel that explores them in greater detail.
This is a "must read" for any student of military history, and for anyone who is looking at the future of the US and its potential relationships with the rest of the world.
