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Jefferson Vindicated - Fallacies, Omissions, and Contradictions in the Hemings Genealogical Search Paperback – July 1, 2005
by
Cynthia H. Burton
(Author),
James A. Bear Jr.
(Foreword)
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Cynthia H. Burton
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Print length225 pages
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LanguageEnglish
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PublisherCynthia H. Burton
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Publication dateJuly 1, 2005
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ISBN-100976777509
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ISBN-13978-0976777502
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"What a thorough assessment of the fascinating historical question of whether Thomas Jefferson fathered a child by a slave. This book considers Sally Hemings' fertility cycle, Jefferson's travels; apparently, every 'conceivable' angle is covered. Who says that self-published books can't be as scholarly as university press tomes?" --George Brosi, Editor, Appalachian Heritage
"Burton provides credibility and persuasion for her 'vindication' of Jefferson through detailed research and reasoning...[she] has done an admirable job of bringing balance to the discussion." --Dave Caddell, Reviewer, Rutherford Institute, Oldspeak
"Burton provides credibility and persuasion for her 'vindication' of Jefferson through detailed research and reasoning...[she] has done an admirable job of bringing balance to the discussion." --Dave Caddell, Reviewer, Rutherford Institute, Oldspeak
About the Author
Cynthia Burton has a rich family history in early Albemarle County, Virginia and has been studying the historic neighborhood and its inhabitants for 35 years. She is a professional researcher, veteran genealogist, and she is an authority on Jefferson's private life, his brother Randolph Jefferson, and the enslaved community at Monticello. James A. Bear, Jr., Emeritus Director and Curator of the Thomas Jefferson (Memorial) Foundation contributed the foreword for this effort. His 30-year tenure at Monticello produced significant research and numerous publications; but he is best known for his work as editor of Jefferson at Monticello and as co-editor of both Jefferson's Memorandum Books and The Family Letters of Thomas Jefferson.
Product details
- Publisher : Cynthia H. Burton; Fourth Printing edition (July 1, 2005)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 225 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0976777509
- ISBN-13 : 978-0976777502
- Item Weight : 1.35 pounds
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#1,984,748 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
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5.0 out of 5 stars
Well reseached book disproving claim that Jefferson fathered illegitimate children by Sally Hemings
Reviewed in the United States on April 13, 2018Verified Purchase
Very interesting and well researched volume by a professional genealogist. This disputes the claims of racist Annette Gordon-Reed and others that Jefferson was the father of Sally Hemings' children.
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Reviewed in the United States on January 1, 2015
Verified Purchase
It was a pleasure to read Cynthia Burton's "Jefferson Vindicated." Burton carefully dissects and destroys the many vacuous and specious arguments from Annette Gordon-Reed and others regarding Jefferson's paternity of Sally Hemings's children. Burton tackles the alleged DNA evidence head-on using facts, dates, and simple probability calculations that many others failed to mention or note. When considering the number of other male Jefferson relatives that frequented Monticello, and Thomas Jefferson's age and physical condition, the case for Jefferson's paternity of Hemings's children goes to nearly zero.
Others in the academic community could have used the same basic analysis and logic, but chose not to. Unfortunately, far too many people were focused on creating a scandal and getting attention for themselves. And that includes many of the so-called "news organizations" that ran with this story and failed to do any type of investigation of the sources or the facts. Sadly, this also applies to Thomas Jefferson Foundation (TJF), the organization that maintains and promotes Monticello. As the guardian of Thomas Jefferson's legacy, it should care about the truth regarding this matter. Apparently it does not.
Burton carefully outlines the various male Jefferson family members in the area who often visited Monticello. Most notably, she covers Jefferson's younger brother, Randolph, in extensive detail. Somehow, despite writing nearly 1,200 pages in her two books covering Jefferson and the Hemings family, Annette Gordon-Reed couldn't muster one mention of Randolph Jefferson as being a potential father to Sally Hemings's children, despite plenty of good evidence to suggest that he likely spent far more time with the community of Monticello slaves than his older brother Thomas. Of course, implicating anyone other than Thomas Jefferson would not have suited Gordon-Reed's agenda-driven purpose, which was to slander Jefferson's character, much as James Callender attempted to do during Jefferson's time, and make a few bucks in the process.
Burton also walks through the oral histories told by many slaves (including Madison Hemings) and highlights the tremendous inconsistencies as they relate to various events/dates as well as the very issue of Jefferson's paternity of Hemings's children. She (as the Scholars Commission Report also pointed out) lists the plain facts regarding Jefferson's emancipation of Sally Hemings's children and shows that neither Sally nor her children received any preferential treatment from Jefferson. On the contrary, a number of other slaves received as good if not better treatment by him. Burton even takes on the cherished myth that Jefferson's Father-in-law, John Wayles, was the father of Sally Hemings and her siblings. Burton rightfully points out that this is little more than rumor and gossip, for which there is no proof.
I strongly urge you to read this book. Within 194 short pages, Burton used facts, figures, and sound logical arguments to completely eviscerate the hollow arguments and wild speculations of Annette Gordon-Reed and others that have perpetuated the myth that Thomas Jefferson was the father of Sally Hemings's children. If you want to know the facts surrounding the Jefferson-Hemings controversy and care about the truth, this book will not let you down.
Others in the academic community could have used the same basic analysis and logic, but chose not to. Unfortunately, far too many people were focused on creating a scandal and getting attention for themselves. And that includes many of the so-called "news organizations" that ran with this story and failed to do any type of investigation of the sources or the facts. Sadly, this also applies to Thomas Jefferson Foundation (TJF), the organization that maintains and promotes Monticello. As the guardian of Thomas Jefferson's legacy, it should care about the truth regarding this matter. Apparently it does not.
Burton carefully outlines the various male Jefferson family members in the area who often visited Monticello. Most notably, she covers Jefferson's younger brother, Randolph, in extensive detail. Somehow, despite writing nearly 1,200 pages in her two books covering Jefferson and the Hemings family, Annette Gordon-Reed couldn't muster one mention of Randolph Jefferson as being a potential father to Sally Hemings's children, despite plenty of good evidence to suggest that he likely spent far more time with the community of Monticello slaves than his older brother Thomas. Of course, implicating anyone other than Thomas Jefferson would not have suited Gordon-Reed's agenda-driven purpose, which was to slander Jefferson's character, much as James Callender attempted to do during Jefferson's time, and make a few bucks in the process.
Burton also walks through the oral histories told by many slaves (including Madison Hemings) and highlights the tremendous inconsistencies as they relate to various events/dates as well as the very issue of Jefferson's paternity of Hemings's children. She (as the Scholars Commission Report also pointed out) lists the plain facts regarding Jefferson's emancipation of Sally Hemings's children and shows that neither Sally nor her children received any preferential treatment from Jefferson. On the contrary, a number of other slaves received as good if not better treatment by him. Burton even takes on the cherished myth that Jefferson's Father-in-law, John Wayles, was the father of Sally Hemings and her siblings. Burton rightfully points out that this is little more than rumor and gossip, for which there is no proof.
I strongly urge you to read this book. Within 194 short pages, Burton used facts, figures, and sound logical arguments to completely eviscerate the hollow arguments and wild speculations of Annette Gordon-Reed and others that have perpetuated the myth that Thomas Jefferson was the father of Sally Hemings's children. If you want to know the facts surrounding the Jefferson-Hemings controversy and care about the truth, this book will not let you down.
12 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on April 19, 2015
Verified Purchase
Excellent in all aspects!
5 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on February 2, 2016
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Excellent ! Loaded with facts.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 27, 2009
When the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation issued a report in January 2000 concluding that Thomas Jefferson probably fathered all of Sally Hemings' children, I was shocked (because it seemed so out of character with what I had learned during decades of studying Jefferson) but assumed the issue was settled. After all, Sally's son Eston had been matched by DNA to a Jefferson father, and as a man of science Jefferson would want us to follow truth wherever it led us. Three months later, I was invited to join with a group of more than a dozen Jefferson scholars from around the country -- most of whom either had "distinguished" or "eminent" in their academic title, had held chaired professorships, or had at least chaired their department or its graduate studies program. Most have had books on sale at the Monticello gift shop. We all served as volunteers and without compensation.
After a year-long inquiry in which we examined every argument we could find, to my great surprise we concluded with but a single very mild dissent that the story of a sexual relationship between Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings was probably false. We found that paternity advocates had altered key historical documents (changing as many as 13 words in a single sentence to totally reverse the original meaning), and that many of the arguments were based upon false "facts" and others that when placed in context disclosed no "special privileges" for Sally or her children (when compared to the treatment received by other descendants of Sally's mother, Betty Hemings). A very brief summary of some of our conclusions can be found here: [...] .
I would add that, after our report was released to the media in April 2001, the American Political Science Association tried to set up a debate for their 2002 annual meeting on this issue, and not a single one of the prominent scholars who had endorsed the paternity theory (including Professors Joseph Ellis and Annette Gordon-Reed) was willing to defend that position in a debate. Most explained they had "moved on" to other issues.
During this year-long inquiry it was my great good fortune to meet Cynthia Burton, a Virginia genealogist who for decades has been studying Jefferson's neighborhood. I have been a professor at Jefferson's University of Virginia for more than two decades, and I worked at prominent think tanks as early as 1971. I've known some truly brilliant people over those years. But I'm not sure I've met anyone, without advanced academic degrees, who was more of a natural scholar -- in the finest Jeffersonian tradition of pursuing truth wherever it may lead -- than Cynthia Burton. She has a genuine thirst for knowledge and a willingness to track down original materials that greatly exceeds that of most of the Ph.D. students I have taught or advised over the years.
Some of her most valuable advice as an informal "consultant" during the work of the Scholars Commission was in shooting down or persuading me to moderate arguments that at first glance looked compelling. She pointed out numerous factual errors in the TJMF (in late 2000 re-named "Thomas Jefferson Foundation," dropping the word "Memorial" from its name) report -- including some that some of us had accepted as fact that strengthened the case against paternity. For example, the TJMF report asserted that Randolph Jefferson's youngest son was 17 when Eston Hemings was conceived (adding a seventh potential father carrying the Jefferson DNA who was likely at Monticello when Eston was conceived), but Ms. Burton's original research led her to conclude he was more likely about 11.
The report of the Scholars Commission is scheduled to be released in November in book form: [...] ; http://www.amazon.com/Jefferson-Hemings-Controversy-Report-Scholars-Commission/dp/0890890854/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1243450383&sr=1-2 .
At present, I believe the single most useful volume on this issue is JEFFERSON VINDICATED, by Cynthia Burton. It is a wonderful example of how an individual who lacks advanced academic degrees but possesses a true thirst for knowledge and a commitment to pursuing the truth can make a real difference. And it puts to shame much of the modern "scholarship" on this issue written by prominent professors who have not bothered to do the kind of original research that characterizes Ms. Burton's volume. I highly recommend it.
Prof. Robert F. Turner
Chairman
Jefferson-Hemings Scholars Commission (2000-2001)
After a year-long inquiry in which we examined every argument we could find, to my great surprise we concluded with but a single very mild dissent that the story of a sexual relationship between Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings was probably false. We found that paternity advocates had altered key historical documents (changing as many as 13 words in a single sentence to totally reverse the original meaning), and that many of the arguments were based upon false "facts" and others that when placed in context disclosed no "special privileges" for Sally or her children (when compared to the treatment received by other descendants of Sally's mother, Betty Hemings). A very brief summary of some of our conclusions can be found here: [...] .
I would add that, after our report was released to the media in April 2001, the American Political Science Association tried to set up a debate for their 2002 annual meeting on this issue, and not a single one of the prominent scholars who had endorsed the paternity theory (including Professors Joseph Ellis and Annette Gordon-Reed) was willing to defend that position in a debate. Most explained they had "moved on" to other issues.
During this year-long inquiry it was my great good fortune to meet Cynthia Burton, a Virginia genealogist who for decades has been studying Jefferson's neighborhood. I have been a professor at Jefferson's University of Virginia for more than two decades, and I worked at prominent think tanks as early as 1971. I've known some truly brilliant people over those years. But I'm not sure I've met anyone, without advanced academic degrees, who was more of a natural scholar -- in the finest Jeffersonian tradition of pursuing truth wherever it may lead -- than Cynthia Burton. She has a genuine thirst for knowledge and a willingness to track down original materials that greatly exceeds that of most of the Ph.D. students I have taught or advised over the years.
Some of her most valuable advice as an informal "consultant" during the work of the Scholars Commission was in shooting down or persuading me to moderate arguments that at first glance looked compelling. She pointed out numerous factual errors in the TJMF (in late 2000 re-named "Thomas Jefferson Foundation," dropping the word "Memorial" from its name) report -- including some that some of us had accepted as fact that strengthened the case against paternity. For example, the TJMF report asserted that Randolph Jefferson's youngest son was 17 when Eston Hemings was conceived (adding a seventh potential father carrying the Jefferson DNA who was likely at Monticello when Eston was conceived), but Ms. Burton's original research led her to conclude he was more likely about 11.
The report of the Scholars Commission is scheduled to be released in November in book form: [...] ; http://www.amazon.com/Jefferson-Hemings-Controversy-Report-Scholars-Commission/dp/0890890854/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1243450383&sr=1-2 .
At present, I believe the single most useful volume on this issue is JEFFERSON VINDICATED, by Cynthia Burton. It is a wonderful example of how an individual who lacks advanced academic degrees but possesses a true thirst for knowledge and a commitment to pursuing the truth can make a real difference. And it puts to shame much of the modern "scholarship" on this issue written by prominent professors who have not bothered to do the kind of original research that characterizes Ms. Burton's volume. I highly recommend it.
Prof. Robert F. Turner
Chairman
Jefferson-Hemings Scholars Commission (2000-2001)
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