If you are reading this review, according to the cornucopia of research offered in this book, you are unlikely to be an iGen’er. “By 2015, one out of three high school seniors admitted they had not read any books for pleasure in the past year, three times as many as in 1976.” While Professor Twenge cautions us not to evaluate some of her findings as good or bad, this, for me, is surely a bit sad.
As a sexagenarian father of two daughters, aged 14 and 16, I desperately needed and wanted to read this book. And I wasn’t disappointed. It is well written and provides a wealth of information and insight. Much of it, I found, reinforced my own observations of my daughters. In some cases, that allowed me to breathe a sigh of relief. At the very least, their habits that are the most different from my own at their age are not unique to them.
Twenge is careful up front to articulate the limitations of this type of statistical analysis. “Because the survey samples are nationally representative, they represent American young people as whole, not just an isolated group.” That larger group, the iGen’ers, are defined as those born from 1995 to 2012, a group of 74 million Americans that currently account for 24% of the population.
One of the things I normally find limiting in this kind of big data statistical analysis is that it chronicles attributes. But if a picture is worth a thousand words, a behavior is worth ten thousand pictures, and Professor Twenge clearly appreciates that. She doesn’t just present the data, she probes it.
A few random thoughts occurred to me as I read it.
I came of age at the height of the Vietnam War. When I was required to register with Selective Service, the draft was still in place and college deferments, for good reason, had been eliminated. I vividly recall standing in my high school cafeteria at the age of 17 listening to the statewide announcement of our lottery draft numbers. The numbers were drawn by birth date and the official reading the numbers started the broadcast noting that the first 123 numbers drawn were almost certain to be drafted, the second 123 numbers may or may not be depending on need, and the last 119 could rest easier. My birthday was drawn 124th. The birthday of my friend, who happened to be standing next to me, was drawn 3rd.
I offer that only to suggest that there are certain historical events that help to define individuals, if not a generation. The risk of being sent to fight in the jungle of Southeast Asia was one for me. That’s not to say that iGen’ers have not endured such historic events. It’s just to remind us that they exist.
The other observation that I had, which isn’t directly explored in the book, is the change not just in how we live, but where we live. I walked to school on my own starting in the fourth grade, road my bicycle everywhere, and spent nearly all of my waking hours with friends—with no adult supervision. People didn’t live in sub-divisions so much in those days. We lived in economically diverse neighborhoods. Urban sprawl and the socio-economic homogeneity of the suburban subdivision have both empowered and demanded certain changes in how our children live.
My final observation has to do with the individualistic versus collective social norm. Professor Twenge writes, “…cultural individualism is connected to slower developmental speeds across both countries and time. Around the world, young adults grow up more slowly in individualistic countries than collectivist ones.”
My family lived in China for nine years. For my daughters, it was during the period from age 5 until age 14, on average. China has a collective culture in the extreme and it was my observation that the children matured very slowly, at least compared to my personal experience as a Boomer. (I found out from this book that this is a global development.) Because of the collectivist culture, however, my wife and I were very lenient with the independence we allowed out daughters. At a restaurant, for example, we never hesitated to let the children go off and play on their own, out of our sight. (A children’s play area is offered at virtually every restaurant.) Violent crime and attacks on children are rare in China, but more importantly, we knew that everyone else at the restaurant, including the staff, would keep a close eye on the safety of the children. It’s just part of the collectivist mentality. They all feel responsible. My point being that I’m not sure the individualistic versus collectivist dimension isn’t a bit counter-intuitive when you get to the social extremes.
The study does reinforce the far-reaching impact of technology. It comes with a lot of baggage. Social media is not social at all. It’s entertainment. And, for the most part, it’s not authentic. Selfies, for example, are always staged. Reminded me of The Jetsons, when they would always hold a mask of perfection in front of their face when talking on the video phone.
In many ways, I consider this book to be a launching pad rather than a conclusion. Professor Twenge has done a great job of starting the conversation. But it needs to continue. What is it about technology that has cast our children in this way? Why do they think and behave the way they do? (Twenge has started that conversation in many areas.) And what, as parents and members of the larger community, can we do to reinforce the good things (e.g., our children are safer) and attack the negatives (e.g., suicide rates are up).
Some of the developments are going to be a little tricky. Twenge points out, for example, that iGen’ers are overwhelmingly inclusive. In terms of the racism that is haunting our society today, that might suggest we just need to wait and the problem will be resolved. I don’t think so, and, to her credit, Twenge apparently agrees. A commitment to inclusion is not enough. We must do more.
I also think it will take the village to address the iGen’ers overwhelming anxiety about their financial future. That is truly a problem for the business community and the government to solve. The implied social contract that existed between employer and employee when I started my career disappeared starting in the 80s. It isn’t coming back but we have to build some form of alternative. Technology and social evolution have taken away the safety net of self-sufficiency (i.e. the Thoreau model) and have left a void in its place. It’s a void that needs to be filled; or bridged, perhaps.
I, therefore, go beyond the parents of iGen’ers and educators in recommending this book. We all need to read it because we all have a role to play, both for our children, our selves, and the future of our society.
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“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair…”Charles Dickens’ opening for “A Tale of Two Cities” might well have been written yesterday to capture the recent transition between generations, pre to post arrival of modern electronic communication and its impact on human culture.Of course, how memorable the lines are nowadays may depend on the way they are delivered and if that delivery can last in cyberspace. Not to mention the minds of the beholders.Jean M. Twenge’s 2017 work, “iGen”, is a thought-provoking look into the transition among various generations and their differences from one another, especially with the arrival of the newest group she has dubbed iGen. They are the first group living entirely within the modern technology age completely immersed in the Internet and its tools – smart phones, a burgeoning menu of apps and accelerating delivery systems.Relying on four large research-tracking databases, Twenge makes assessments and observations about how this newest generation is different from the its predecessors in ten chapters, mixing personal anecdotes with quantitative findings in a comfortable, trim style:• Boomers (1946 – 1964)• GenX (1965 – 1979)• Millennials (1980 – 1994)• iGen (1995 – 2012) – iPhone (2007), iPad (2010), Great Recession (2007 – 2010)The author offers pretty convincing research showing a major shift in iGen attitudes and behavior compared to previous generations:• Taking more time to mature and more time spent with parents and at home compared to earlier generations, hence, slower to mature for social experiences happening earlier for prior generations (sex, drugs, other risk-taking experiences)• More protective parents (Millennials and earlier) who are having families later, hence, lower numbers of children• More time on the Internet, less time in social situations such as going to out-of-home entertainment with friends (an interesting point not raise here: increasing in-home delivery systems threatening retail shopping may play a role as well• Shifting to more visual emphasis in communication and a resulting shorter attention span for verbal or written materials• More susceptible at earlier ages (early high school and middle school) to insecurities arising from Internet contact (number of likes and followers, bullying, personal appearances)• More staying safe, less risk taking, more extrinsic value driven (job and future income security possibly due to witnessing the impact of the Great Recession on family income and attitudes)• Unsure about future family commitment to having children and being married though comfortable with pre-marital sex• Accepting of LGBT and certain minority groups but based more on let people be what they want to be (as long as iGen doesn’t have to make a commitment)Two of the most interesting, contradictory observations Twenge makes have little to do with electronic media and devices. First is the rising need for “safe places” among iGen students to protect themselves from radically different views even at the expense of free speech guarantees. The author provides several examples of college students demanding speakers with radical views be disinvited by college administrators (and succeeding).Second is the appreciation of political independence that reflects more of the iGen attitude toward their belief and mantra: “be yourself.” This fundamental value showed up in the younger people voting for the individualistic candidates – Trump and Sanders – in the 2016 national election.A February 2018 Scientific American article, “Are smart phones really destroying the adolescent brain?” weighed in on this subject. Using Twenge’s views about electronic and social media usage as an example of an overreaction to teen preoccupation with these new tools and culture, the author provided opposing views from various professors and academics.While this singling out is a convenient foil for an opposing position, the author seems to have ignored Twenge’s observations about iGen life beyond these tools.Her book indicates other factors at play in contributing to iGen’s development, e.g. working parents, smaller families, possibly overprotection of the next generation. All of these, not just social media and its tools, may be mutually reinforcing with predictably dubious development results for the next generation.The author concludes her book with practical suggestions for parents, relatives and friends about helping iGen members to come of age and take advantage of their positive values. Not surprisingly, the key point is making more effort and time for communication and interaction – in person.Take a moment to read “iGen”and see where you come out on these timely issues.
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If you're reading this you are probably not an iGen'er according to the research in this book. That's a bit sad.
Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on September 10, 2017Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on August 25, 2017
Top reviews from other countries
Ahsan
Only by knowing can we change things for better
Reviewed in the United Kingdom 🇬🇧 on April 10, 2018
n wake
But don’t expect it to make you happy
Reviewed in the United Kingdom 🇬🇧 on December 5, 2017Szymon Bialkowski
If only every to-be-parent read this
Reviewed in the United Kingdom 🇬🇧 on May 23, 2020downsman
Twenge is at her best in her diagnosis and commentary
Reviewed in the United Kingdom 🇬🇧 on March 21, 2018
