Uncertain Justice: The Roberts Court and the Constitution by Laurence Tribe, Joshua Matz
“Uncertain Justice” is a well-researched and insightful look at the Roberts court. It will help you gain a better understanding of the nine lawyers, their philosophies, their rulings and the impact it has on our society. Legal scholar Tribe and legal writer Matz have provided the public with keen insights into some of the most important decisions of the Supreme Court. This interesting 416-page book includes the following nine chapters: 1. Equality: Are We There Yet?, 2. Health Care: Liberty on the Line, 3. Campaign Finance: Follow the Money, 4. Freedom of Speech: Sex, Lies, and Video Games, 5. Gun Rights: Armed and Dangerous, 6. Presidential Power: Hail to the Chief, 7. Privacy: What Have You Got to Hide?, 8. Rights for Sale: Discounting the Constitution, and 9. Making Rights Real: Access to Justice.
Positives:
1. A well-researched, reasoned and even-handed book.
2. The fascinating topic of uncertainty at the Supreme Court in the hands of masters of the subject. It’s professionally treated. “In this book, we show how conventional wisdom on these matters is often misleading, and we draw out the latent meaning of many of this Court’s most important opinions to identify the uncertainties facing the nation and its justices.”
3. Goes beyond the stereotypical bent of liberals vs. conservatives and illustrates many cases where the justices surprisingly agree and disagree with one another. Great exploratory depth on how the justices disagree and do so by presenting their strongest arguments and rebuttals.
4. Does a wonderful job of portraying each justice accurately based on their backgrounds, philosophies and rulings. “Widely considered the best Supreme Court advocate of his generation, Roberts was known before his ascension to the Court as a gifted writer, skilled strategist, and brilliant legal mind.” “On the Court, Sotomayor has emerged as a voice for common sense. She has also displayed a keen sensitivity to the potential for injustice in law enforcement, calling attention to maltreatment in prisons, abuses of the death penalty system, dangers to privacy rights, and police and prosecutorial misconduct.”
5. Goes over some of the most noteworthy cases of the Roberts court. Cases include Citizens United, Affordable Care Act, and many other controversial cases that impact American life. It does so by going over the arguments of each case in the words of the justices.
6. Really puts in perspective the role of the Supreme Court in practice. “The Court receives roughly eight thousand petitions for review per year and usually grants around seventy-five, with each grant requiring the vote of four justices.”
7. How the Roberts court view equality. “In Parents Involved, Roberts championed a color-blind constitution, one that forbids government from using racial classifications—even when the goal is to benefit minorities.” Ginsburg on the other hand argued, “We are not far distant from an overtly discriminatory past, and the effects of centuries of law-sanctioned inequality remain painfully evident in our communities and schools.”
8. Fascinating tidbits that reflect how we have evolved as a society. “State-sanctioned discrimination was widely accepted; when IBM hired Windsor, it unknowingly violated an executive order barring companies with federal contracts from employing homosexuals.” “In Windsor, Kennedy—joined by Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan—held that DOMA cannot stand. But rather than rule broadly that the Constitution protects a right to same-sex marriage, he limited the direct holding of his opinion to the federal law under review.”
9. An interesting look back at the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). “Because the Constitution permits such a tax,” the Chief concluded, “it is not our role to forbid it, or to pass upon its wisdom or fairness.” Construed as a tax, the “mandate” survived.”
10. The application of the Constitution of course plays a prominent role throughout the book. “The central insight regarding limits on federal power, credited to James Madison, is that the Constitution protects rights in more ways than one. Its most direct method of protection is to say something such as “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” By recognizing a right, the Constitution creates a strong presumption in favor of that kind of liberty. It tells Americans that we value this right; it also tells politicians to respect it and courts to guard its boundaries.”
11. Citizens United Case. The dissent may have been the most interesting aspect of that case. “Fast approaching the end of his long and storied career on the Court, Stevens composed a ninety-page dissent that besieged every factual premise, procedural device, and legal argument in Citizens United. The final lines of this epic opinion foreshadowed the coming conflict: ‘While American democracy is imperfect, few outside the majority of this Court would have thought its flaws included a dearth of corporate money in politics.’”
12. Options considered reforming Citizens United. “To those concerned by Citizens United, disclosure is likely to remain the most promising and realistic reform option.”
13. Interesting cases involving free speech. Cases involving prisoners, whistleblowers, new technology, violent speech, obscenity, etc…”Kennedy reasoned, ‘the remedy for speech that is false is speech that is true.’”
14. A look at gun rights exemplified by the District of Columbia v. Heller case. “Heller was hailed by Harvard Law Professor Cass Sunstein as ‘the most explicitly and self-consciously originalist opinion in the history of the Supreme Court.’”
15. The various interpretations of the Second Amendment. “In sum, though the Court refused to ‘pronounce the Second Amendment extinct,’ it also declined to disable effective gun regulation.”
16. Fascinating look at presidential power. “In sum, it would be undesirable and, indeed, impossible to require maximum enforcement of every federal law but dangerous to allow presidents simply to ignore any law they dislike.”
17. A look at privacy. “Sotomayor, willing to reconsider foundational precedents and more open to an active judicial role, has emerged as an eloquent champion of privacy’s importance.” “Sotomayor’s effort to forge a set of rights adapted to twenty-first-century realities, however, has met a more hostile audience among her colleagues. She wrote alone in a case about warrantless GPS tracking to argue that we may need to fundamentally rethink privacy rights.”
18. A look at our rights. “In sum, government enjoys broad power to offer deals in which we trade rights for other benefits, and in most cases we have no option but to make a choice.”
19. Access to justice. “The Court has reflected that sentiment by issuing a string of opinions—all decided five-to-four and all authored by Scalia—that have the obvious purpose of destroying most consumer and employment class actions.” “In general, a majority of the Roberts Court seems to doubt the value and legitimacy of many civil rights suits and favors legal rules that keep most of them out of court. The result is a shrinking judicial role in enforcing the Constitution and protecting our liberties. “
20. Links to notes.
Negatives:
1. Lack of visual material that could have strengthened the understanding of this excellent material. I would have suggested tables that summarized the rulings of each case that would have been invaluable to me.
2. Along the same lines as negative number one; charts, diagrams and even photos would have complemented the narrative.
3. Some of the cases follow one another in rapid-fire and may lose the reader.
4. Can be tedious reading at times.
5. No formal bibliography included.
In summary, missed opportunities aside this is an excellent book. Tribe and Matz in a fair and professional manner provide the public with some interesting insights into the Roberts court. They cover some of the most interesting cases and provide the justices perspectives. “We aim to make useful generalizations about why the justices see things the way they do, what competing visions press against their core beliefs, and where their assumptions and aspirations are likely to lead them.” This is a 4.5 star out of five, I highly recommend it!
Further recommendations: “The Roberts Court” by Marcia Coyle, “The Nine” and “The Oath” By Jeffrey Toobin, “The Brethren” by Bob Woodward, “Six Amendments” by John Paul Stevens, “Five Chiefs” by John Paul Stevens, “Overruled” by Damon Root, “Scalia” by Bruce Allen Murphy, “Justice for All” by Jim Newton, “A People’s History of the Supreme Court” by Peter Irons, “Making Our Democracy Work” by Stephen Breyer, “The Conservative Assault on the Constitution” by Erwin Chemerinsky, and “My Beloved World” by Sonia Sotomayor.